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{{Importartikel}}
{{Short description|Chinese Communist Party goals and deadlines}}
[[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|thumb|[[Flag of China|Flag of the People's Republic of China]]]]
[[File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg|thumb|[[Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party]]]]

The '''Two Centenaries''' ({{zh|c=两个一百年}}) is a [[List of political slogans|political slogan]] that refers to two 100-year anniversaries and a stated set of economic and political goals advanced by [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|General Secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]] following the [[18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party|18th National Congress]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) held in 2012. The Chinese government describes the Two Centenaries as the basic foundation for achieving the "[[Chinese Dream]]".<ref name=":4">{{Citation |last=Danzhi |first=Yang |title=Two Centenary Goals |date=2019-05-22 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429511622/chapters/10.4324/9780429203039-46 |work=Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road |pages=252–256 |editor-last=Fang |editor-first=Cai |edition=1 |place=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. {{!}} Series: Routledge international handbooks |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780429203039-46 |isbn=978-0-429-20303-9 |s2cid=198664791 |access-date=2022-05-19 |editor2-last=Nolan |editor2-first=Peter |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519014820/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429203039-46/two-centenary-goals-yang-danzhi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="diplo">{{cite news |last1=Tiezzi |first1=Shannon |date=February 13, 2015 |title=Why 2020 Is a Make-or-Break Year for China |work=[[The Diplomat]] |url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/why-2020-is-a-make-or-break-year-for-china/ |access-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-date=May 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512211556/https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/why-2020-is-a-make-or-break-year-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Background== 
The "centenaries" refer to two 100-year anniversaries:<ref name=":4" /> 
# The [[100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party|centenary]] of the founding of the CCP in 1921. According to official CCP discourse,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Lu |first=Ding |date=2020-07-02 |title=China's tough battles to achieve the centenary goals |url= |journal=Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies |language=en |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=203–207 |doi=10.1080/14765284.2020.1822723 |s2cid=222348716 |issn=1476-5284}}</ref> a [[Moderately prosperous society|''Xiaokang'' society]] will have been achieved at the conclusion of this centenary.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=Patricia M. |date=November 2021 |title=Party All the Time: The CCP in Comparative and Historical Perspective |url= |journal=[[The China Quarterly]] |language=en |volume=248 |issue=S1 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1017/S0305741021000965 |s2cid=244021734 |issn=0305-7410}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yi |first=Zhang |date=2022-01-02 |title=From Building a " Xiaokang Society" to Building a "Modern Socialist Country in All Respects" |url= |journal=Social Sciences in China |language=en |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=132–148 |doi=10.1080/02529203.2022.2051890 |s2cid=247716395 |issn=0252-9203}}</ref> While "Xiaokang" &ndash; roughly meaning "moderately well-off" &ndash; is an abstract theory rooted in [[Confucianism]] and socialist ideology, the party has outlined it in terms of doubling of the 2010 per capita income figures.<ref name="diplo" />
# The centenary of the [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|founding of the People's Republic of China]] in 2049, at which point, China will have become a "strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and modern socialist country" according to the ''[[People's Daily]]''.<ref name=":1">[http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2014-05/28/nw.D110000renmrb_20140528_1-01.htm 人民日報-兩個一百年] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502113010/http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2014-05/28/nw.D110000renmrb_20140528_1-01.htm |date=2015-05-02 }}</ref>

==History of the slogan==
The concept was first articulated at the [[15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party|15th Party Congress]] held in 1997 during the term of then General Secretary [[Jiang Zemin]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lu |first=Ding |date=April 2016 |title=China's "Two Centenary Goals": Progress and Challenge |url= |journal=East Asian Policy |language=en |volume=08 |issue=2 |pages=79–93 |doi=10.1142/S1793930516000222 |issn=1793-9305}}</ref><ref name="picture">{{cite news |date=April 1, 2015 |title=图解"两个一百年"奋斗目标 (/ 1) |work=[[China Internet Information Center]] |url=http://news.china.com.cn/2015-04/01/content_35217372.htm |access-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512104304/http://news.china.com.cn/2015-04/01/content_35217372.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Apart from occasional pronouncements in party publications, this concept was not widely discussed again until Xi assumed the party leadership in 2012. Since then, it has become a major part of party slogans, recited in news reports, at conferences, and training sessions for party officials.<ref name="picture" /><ref name=":3" /> 

According to academic Ding Lu, the "so-called Two Centenary Goals underwrite all China’s long-term economic planning programs and contemporary macroeconomic policy agendas."<ref name=":2" />

==Celebratory events==
=== 100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party (2021) ===
{{Main|100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party}}
A ceremony which marked the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CCP ({{zh|中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动}}), or the Centennial of the Chinese Communist Party (Chinese: 中国共产党成立一百周年), took place on 1 July 2021. CCP general secretary Xi Jinping delivered a speech in which he specifically announced the realization of the first goal of the Two Centenaries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=習近平：實現了首個百年奮鬥目標 全面建成小康社會 |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1598607-20210701.htm? |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=[[RTHK]] |language=zh-tw |archive-date=2021-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701060844/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1598607-20210701.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

"The Great Journey," an art performance, was also held in prior in the [[Beijing National Stadium]] to mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party on 28 June. It was later broadcast by [[China Media Group]] on the evening of 1 July 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2021 |title=China holds art performance to celebrate CPC centenary |publisher=[[Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China]] |agency=Xinhua/China Daily |url=http://en.moj.gov.cn/2021-07/02/c_638782.htm |access-date=23 March 2022 |archive-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417112147/http://en.moj.gov.cn/2021-07/02/c_638782.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 100th anniversary of the People's Republic of China (2049) ===
{{see also|National Day of the People's Republic of China}}
The 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China ({{zh|中华人民共和国成立100周年}}), or the Centennial of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国成立一百周年) is expected to fall on 1 October 2049, the [[National Day of the People's Republic of China]].<ref name=":1" />

== Responses ==
A columnist for ''[[The Diplomat]]'' suggested that Xi's emphasis on these goals gives objective evaluation criteria for the performance of the CCP and that achieving these goals will be a major test to the legitimacy of CCP rule in the country.<ref name="diplo" />

== See also ==

* [[Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Xi Jinping}}

<nowiki>[[Category:2012 in China]]
[[Category:2021 in China]]
[[Category:Anniversaries]]
[[Category:Regional centennial anniversaries]]
[[Category:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Xi Jinping]]</nowiki>