Quelltext der Seite Benutzer:Anna0419/Taifun Sudal (3.Versuch)

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{{Infobox Hurricane
|Name=Typhoon Sudal (Cosme)
|Type=super typhoon
|Year=2004
|Basin=WPac
|Image location=Typhoon Sudal 11 apr 2004 0425Z.jpg
|Image name=Typhoon Sudal shortly after peak intensity on April 11
|Formed=April 2, 2004
|Dissipated=April 18, 2004
|Extratropical=April 16, 2004
|10-min winds=90
|1-min winds=130
|Pressure=940
|Damages=14
|Inflated=1
|Fatalities=None reported
|Areas=[[Federated States of Micronesia]] (particularly [[Yap]] state), [[Guam]], [[Rota (island)|Rota]], [[Iwo Jima]]
|Hurricane season=[[2004 Pacific typhoon season]]
}}
'''Typhoon Sudal''' ({{IPA-ko|su.dal|pron}}), known in the Philippines as '''Typhoon Cosme''', was the strongest [[tropical cyclone|typhoon]] to strike the island of [[Yap]] in the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (FSM) in about 50&nbsp;years. Yap is one of the four [[Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia|administrative divisions]] of the FSM. The entire island, only {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, experienced typhoon force winds, and 90% of the structures were damaged or destroyed. Damage was most severe in southeastern Yap, where the [[eye (cyclone)|eyewall]] struck and winds exceeded 185&nbsp;km/h (115&nbsp;mph), but the center of the typhoon passed south of the island.

Typhoon Sudal originally formed on April&nbsp;2, 2004, out of a persistent area of [[atmospheric convection|convection]] east of the FSM. It moved mostly westward for the first week of its duration, with brief northerly and southwesterly turns. Sudal attained tropical storm status on April&nbsp;5, and it gradually intensified into a typhoon, which is a tropical cyclone with winds of at least 119&nbsp;km/h (74&nbsp;mph) and is the equivalent of a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean. On April&nbsp;9, it passed just south of Yap, and shortly thereafter its peak winds were estimated at 240&nbsp;km/h (150&nbsp;mph). Later, Sudal moved to the northwest and eventually to the northeast, becoming an [[extratropical cyclone]] on April&nbsp;16 and dissipating two days later.

In addition to the damage on Yap, the typhoon dropped heavy rainfall in [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]] in the Federated States of Micronesia, where some minor crop damage occurred. Sudal also brushed the United States islands of [[Guam]] and [[Rota (island)|Rota]] with high waves and light rainfall, and later moved very close to the uninhabited Japanese island of [[Iwo Jima]]. Overall damage was $14&nbsp;million (2004&nbsp;[[USD]], $16.1&nbsp;million 2010&nbsp;USD), most of which was on Yap, although no fatalities or serious injuries were reported. Due to the heavy damage, the name was [[List of retired Pacific typhoon names|retired]] and replaced with "Mirinae". The name "Sudal" was contributed by South Korea for the [[Tropical cyclone naming|Pacific tropical cyclone list]] and is the Korean name for the [[otter]].<ref name="gp"/>

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Sudal 2004 track.png}}
The origins of Typhoon Sudal were from a persistent area of [[atmospheric convection|convection]], or thunderstorms, southeast of [[Pohnpei]] in the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] toward the end of March 2004. Initially, it was in an area of high [[wind shear]], which is the change in wind direction with height and is unfavorable for [[tropical cyclogenesis]]. The unfavorable conditions gradually abated, which allowed convection to increase over a broad, developing [[atmospheric circulation|circulation center]].<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett |year=2004 |title=April Global Tropical Weather Summary |accessdate=2010-07-27 |url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0404.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605235539/http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0404.htm |archivedate=2011-06-05 |df= }}</ref> On April&nbsp;2, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) classified the system as a weak [[tropical cyclone|tropical depression]] near [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]] in the FSM. It was later classified with the international designation of 0401, meaning it was the first tropical cyclone of 2004.<ref name="jma">{{cite web|author=Japan Meteorological Agency |year=1997 |title=Best Track of the 2004 Pacific Typhoon Season |url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst2004.txt |accessdate=2010-07-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323124125/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst2004.txt |archivedate=March 23, 2011 }}</ref> Slow development continued as the system moved slowly westward, and two days later it was classified as Tropical Depression 03W by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC); this was the third tropical cyclone tracked by the agency. Shortly thereafter, the JTWC upgraded the depression to tropical storm status, after convection increased over the circulation.<ref name="gp"/>

While steadily intensifying, the system turned toward the north. On April&nbsp;5, the JMA named the system Sudal, after assessing its [[maximum sustained wind]]s at 65&nbsp;km/h (40&nbsp;mph <small>10-min sustained</small>).<ref name="jma"/> Concurrently, the JTWC estimated winds of 100&nbsp;km/h (65&nbsp;km/h <small>1-min sustained</small>).<ref name="gp"/> After crossing over the island of [[Poluwat]],<ref name="ncdc"/> a building [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] to the north caused Sudal to turn west-southwestward. On April&nbsp;6, an [[eye (cyclone)|eye feature]] began forming, and the JTWC upgraded Sudal to typhoon strength about {{convert|540|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Guam]], a small island under possession of the United States.<ref name="gp"/> The JMA did not follow suit until late the following day,<ref name="jma"/> by which time the eye had become more distinct.<ref name="gp"/> Around that time, the typhoon turned toward the northwest, and initially it was thought that Sudal would pass safely north of [[Yap]] in the FSM.<ref name="ncdc"/> Instead, it turned to the west-southwest toward the island as the ridge intensified. On April&nbsp;8, the typhoon intensified rapidly; the JTWC reported winds of 215&nbsp;km/h (135&nbsp;mph <small>1-min sustained</small>), or the equivalent of a Category&nbsp;4 on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale]]. Weakening slightly as its forward motion slowed, Typhoon Sudal passed about {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Yap at 0000&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on April&nbsp;9, which was its closest approach to the island.<ref name="gp"/>

Intensification continued throughout the day on April&nbsp;9, with the appearance of [[Eyewall replacement cycle|concentric eyewalls]] on satellite imagery; such a feature is indicative of an intense tropical cyclone. Early on April&nbsp;10, the JTWC estimated that Sudal attained peak winds of 240&nbsp;km/h (150&nbsp;mph <small>1-min sustained</small>), making the cyclone a [[super typhoon]].<ref name="gp"/> At the same time, the JMA estimated peak winds of 165&nbsp;km/h (105&nbsp;mph <small>10-min sustained</small>), as well as a [[barometric pressure]] of 940&nbsp;[[bar (unit)|mbar]] (27.76&nbsp;[[Inch of mercury|inHg]]).<ref name="jma"/> Also on that day, Sudal entered the area of warning responsibility of the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA), which provided the name "Cosme" for local advisories. For several days, the typhoon continued to the northwest, fluctuating in intensity but remaining powerful. On April&nbsp;12, Sudal turned toward the north and northeast through a weakness in the ridge, and its eye increased to a diameter of about {{convert|85|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The next day, the typhoon attained a secondary peak intensity of 230&nbsp;km/h (145&nbsp;mph <small>1-min sustained</small>), although it gradually weakened subsequently due to a combination of increasing upper-level [[wind shear]] and cooler water temperatures.<ref name="gp"/>

[[Image:Sudal Yap.jpg|right|thumb|The eye of Typhoon Sudal striking Yap on April 9]]
Early on April&nbsp;15, Sudal passed very near the uninhabited Japanese island of [[Iwo Jima]] as a rapidly weakening typhoon; at the time, its circulation center was exposed from the deepest convection.<ref name="gp"/> Shortly thereafter, both the JTWC and JMA downgraded Sudal to tropical storm status.<ref name="gp"/><ref name="jma"/> Late on April&nbsp;15, the JTWC assessed the storm as becoming [[extratropical cyclone|extratropical]], although the JMA maintained advisories until the following day. As an extratropical storm, Sudal continued northeastward until losing its identity early on April&nbsp;18, well east of Japan and far south of the [[Aleutian Islands]].<ref name="gp"/>

==Impact==
[[File:FEMA - 10844 - Photograph by John Shea taken on 04-27-2004 in Federated States of Micronesia.jpg|thumb|left|Damage wrought by the storm on Yap]]
Early in its duration as a weak tropical storm, Sudal passed near Chuuk state in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). One station reported 17&nbsp;cm (6.68&nbsp;inches) of rainfall in a 24‑hour period. The passage of the storm left minor roof damage and some crop damage, due to [[storm surge]] contaminating groundwater. No deaths or injuries were reported in the state.<ref name="ncdc">{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center |year=2004 |title=Event Report for Typhoon Sudal |accessdate=2010-08-04 |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~563701 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rkKTJTrX?url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~563701 |archivedate=August 5, 2010 |df= }}</ref> The storm briefly threatened Guam,<ref name="gp"/> and as it passed south of the island, Sudal produced 5.5&nbsp;m (18&nbsp;ft) waves and a 0.9&nbsp;m (3&nbsp;ft) storm surge. A station at [[Apra Harbor]] recorded a 69&nbsp;km/h (43&nbsp;mph) wind gust, and light rainfall of around {{convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} was reported, although no damage was reported on the island. High waves also occurred on [[Rota (island)|Rota]] in the [[Northern Mariana Islands]].<ref name="nws">{{cite web|author=Guam National Weather Service|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=2004-04-18|title=Typhoon Sudal (03W) Preliminary Post-Storm Report... Update|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ac/acpq70.pgum.psh.pq.txt |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20040514111453/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ac/acpq70.pgum.psh.pq.txt |archivedate = 2004-05-14}}</ref> The FSM is an independent nation in [[Compact of Free Association]] with the United States, and the latter nation is responsible for aid and protection.<ref name="pdm">{{cite journal|author1=Robert Partridge |author2=Kevin King |author3=Lawrence Proano |last-author-amp=yes |journal=Prehospital and Disaster Medicine |title=Medical Support for Emergency Relief Workers After Typhoon Sudal in Yap, Micronesia|date=2006 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=215–219|pmid=16892888|doi=10.1017/S1049023X00003708}}</ref>

Further west, Typhoon Sudal intensified quickly as it moved through the [[Caroline Islands]] and later [[Yap]] state. On [[Ulithi]], a wind gust of 132&nbsp;km/h (82&nbsp;mph) was reported, and 6.34&nbsp;inches of rainfall occurred in a 24‑hour period. High waves of over 5&nbsp;m (18&nbsp;ft) struck the island, causing severe beach erosion and damaging subsistence crops. The winds downed a few trees and wrecked some poorly built homes. On nearby [[Faraulep]] and [[Fais Island|Fais]] islands, similar meteorological conditions and damages were reported. The small [[Ngulu Atoll]] received gale force winds and heavy rainfall, which destroyed half of the island's water storage tanks.<ref name="ncdc"/> Later in its duration, Sudal passed near Iwo Jima, producing wind gusts of 141&nbsp;km/h (87&nbsp;mph).<ref name="gp"/>

===Yap===
The worst of the damage occurred on the island of Yap. Initially, the typhoon was expected to pass north of the island without affecting it significantly, but instead the island experienced the brunt of the storm.<ref name="ncdc"/> [[Typhoon Lupit (2003)|Typhoon Lupit]] affected the island in the previous year, from which the islanders were still recovering. With the last minute change in direction, government officials rushed to complete preparations on the island. On the day before the typhoon struck, storm shelters were opened in schools and government buildings that could withstand the winds of Sudal. In anticipation of significant damage, Yap officials sent a request to the FSM government for emergency aid to clean up after the storm.<ref name="cdnn1">{{cite news|author=Mark-Alexander Pieper |date=2004-04-09 |title=Coastal areas evacuated as Typhoon Sudal zeroes in on Yap |agency=Pacific Daily News |publisher=Cyber Diver News Network |accessdate=2010-08-06 |url=http://www.cdnn.info/industry/i040409/i040409.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705155246/http://www.cdnn.info/industry/i040409/i040409.html |archivedate=July 5, 2008 }}</ref>

[[File:FEMA - 10840 - Photograph by John Shea taken on 04-27-2004 in Federated States of Micronesia.jpg|thumb|right|A home completely destroyed by Sudal on Yap]]
On April&nbsp;9, the eye of Sudal briefly passed over the southern portion of the island, and winds of 185&nbsp;km/h (115&nbsp;mph) struck the island for about four hours.<ref name="ncdc"/> The entire island, only {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, experienced typhoon force winds.<ref name="mwl"/> [[Yap International Airport]] recorded a peak wind gust of 181&nbsp;km/h (112&nbsp;mph); a subsequent survey estimated wind gusts on the island reached 226&nbsp;km/h (140&nbsp;mph). Heavy rainfall occurred during Sudal's passage, including 20.0&nbsp;cm (7.88&nbsp;inches) in a 48‑hour period at the airport. The lowest pressure on the island was {{convert|958.5|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Along the coast, the typhoon produced waves of 6.7&nbsp;m (22&nbsp;ft) in height, along with a 3.7&nbsp;m (12&nbsp;ft) [[storm surge]];<ref name="ncdc"/> the combination sunk several ships and heavily damaged the island's coral reefs, the latter which is one of Yap's primary tourism attractions.<ref name="ncdc"/><ref name="fsm416"/>

When Typhoon Sudal struck the island, there were about 8,000&nbsp;people living on Yap, with about 1,700&nbsp;houses. The typhoon destroyed 700&nbsp;homes, and left another 900&nbsp;damaged; many of the destroyed homes were wooden. Damage was heaviest in the southeastern portion of the island,<ref name="ncdc"/> including in and around [[Colonia, Yap|Colonia]], the capital city.<ref name="rw410"/> The strong winds downed trees across the island.<ref name="afp412"/> Over 90% of the structures on the island were damaged or destroyed, including the hospital, airport, most government facilities, and the water, power and communications systems.<ref name="ncdc"/> One of the five hotels on the island was also destroyed.<ref name="rw54">{{cite web|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=2004-05-05|title=Federated States of Micronesia – Typhoon Sudal OCHA Situation Report No. 2|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64DKG8?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref> About 80% of the residents lost power or water after the storm. In the southeastern portion of the island, high waves wrecked most of the coastal homes, and also severely damaged the seawall. The intrusion of salt water destroyed almost all of the food crops on the island. Following the typhoon's passage, about 1,000&nbsp;people were left homeless, and another 500 were forced to stay in shelters.<ref name="ncdc"/>

Overall damage from Typhoon Sudal totaled about $14&nbsp;million (2004&nbsp;[[USD]], $16.1&nbsp;million 2010&nbsp;USD), most of which on Yap from property damage. Despite the heavy damage, there were no deaths,<ref name="ncdc"/> although there were initial reports of one fatality.<ref name="gp"/> Only 8&nbsp;people required hospital treatment due to injuries,<ref name="rw54"/> none of them serious.<ref name="gp"/> Typhoon Sudal was the strongest typhoon to strike Yap in about 50&nbsp;years.<ref name="mwl">{{cite journal|last1=Prior |first1=Sarah A. |last2=Guard |first2=Charlkes|date=April 2005|title=In the Wake of a Destructive Typhoon: Cold Water, Low Tides, and Fog|journal=Mariners Weather Log|volume=49|issue=1|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2010-08-12|url=http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/april_05/typhoon.shtml}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[File:FEMA - 9578 - Photograph by John Shea taken on 04-22-2004 in Federated States of Micronesia.jpg|thumb|left|Emergency supplies from the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] being unloaded from a truck to be deployed on Yap]]
Following the passage of Sudal, officials in Yap declared a state of emergency,<ref name="fsm412"/> and a day after the typhoon struck, United States President [[George W. Bush]] ordered federal disaster aid for the FSM. The latter declaration provided funding for 75% of the debris removal cost and emergency services.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|date=2004-04-10|title=President Orders Disaster Aid For Micronesia Typhoon Response|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=11767|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917101050/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=11767|archivedate=2011-09-17}}</ref> Less than a week after the storm, the [[Pacific Islands Forum]] provided $11,500 to Yap for relief efforts.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|agency=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=2004-04-15|title=FSM and Fiji to receive Forum natural disaster funding|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64BSNK?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref> Over the subsequent weeks, the FSM government established a typhoon relief fund of about $250,000. Additionally, the United States government allocated $7,443,000 for relief efforts.<ref name="rw54"/>

Within a few days, the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) identified primary concerns for the small island, including fixing the water supply, distributing water, clearing roads, and fixing damaged shelters. On the island, the water supply was rapidly diminishing;<ref name="fsm412"/> more than 80% of the islanders were without clean water, and the water from the treatment plant needed to be boiled for extended periods of time.<ref>{{cite web|author=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia|publisher=FSM Informational Services|title=Typhoon Sudal leaves Yap in state of emergency|accessdate=2010-08-13|date=2010-04-12|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64CDZK?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref> Health issues included dehydration, sickness, and gastrointestinal problems.<ref name="fsm412">{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=FSM Information Services|date=2004-04-12|title=Typhoon Sudal leaves Yap in state of emergency|accessdate=2010-08-08|url=http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr041204.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006193232/http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr041204.htm#|archive-date=2014-10-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref> Without running water, several people bathed in the oil-contaminated harbor where many boats sunk, which caused skin irritations.<ref name="fsm416">{{cite news|author=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia|agency=FSM Information Services|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=2004-04-16|title=President Urusemal and Yap leadership meet on typhoon|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64BS8B?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref>

Initially, telephone service onto the island was disrupted, and the only method of outside contact was by radio to the [[University of Guam]]. The [[Guam Memorial Hospital]] dropped a package of medical supplies to Yap, although planes containing aid flying onto the island were disrupted by the damaged runway.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mark-Alexander Pieper |date=2004-04-09 |title=Typhoon Sudal batters Yap Island |agency=Pacific Daily News |publisher=Cyber Diver News Network |accessdate=2010-08-06 |url=http://www.cdnn.info/industry/i040409a/i040409a.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205015947/http://www.cdnn.info/industry/i040409a/i040409a.html |archivedate=December 5, 2008 }}</ref> About a day after Sudal's passage, the runway was cleared and repaired, which allowed a [[United States Coast Guard]] plane to provide relief supplies, including building materials.<ref name="rw410">{{cite web|author=[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]]|date=2004-04-10|title=Micronesia: Typhoon Sudal Information Bulletin No. 1/04|publisher=ReliefWeb|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64CMX6?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref> By April&nbsp;12, or three days after the typhoon, communication links to the island began to be restored.<ref name="afp412">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|agency=Agency French-Presse|publisher=ReliefWeb|title=Micronesia's Yap atoll severely damaged by Typhoon Sudal: report|date=2004-04-12|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64CB4R?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref> By four days later, the water treatment plant was repaired. One power station on the island was repaired, but since the strong winds damaged most of the power lines, about 85% of the population remained without electricity. Primary roadways were largely cleared, and all bridges were reopened.<ref name="fsm416"/>

[[File:FEMA - 9618 - Photograph by John Shea taken on 04-27-2004 in Federated States of Micronesia.jpg|thumb|right|Homes and businesses were destroyed across Yap when Typhoon Sudal sent high winds and waters ashore.]]
About two weeks after the typhoon's passage, there were still 500&nbsp;people in 18&nbsp;shelters in Colonia, the capital city, as well as about 400&nbsp;people in shelters elsewhere.<ref name="fema422"/> Many others were either residing with relatives or staying at their damaged properties.<ref name="pdn422"/> The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] arrived on Yap to coordinate debris removal and installing generators. Officials sent 23&nbsp;flights of aid to the island, as well as one each to the outlying islands of [[Ulithi]] and [[Fais Island|Fais]]. About 76,000&nbsp;litres (20,000&nbsp;gallons) of water were sent to the island, and five large water tanks were installed. Members of the United States Forest Service arrived to coordinate the receiving and distribution of relief supplies.<ref name="fema422">{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|date=2004-04-22|title=FEMA Coordinating Immediate Extensive Federal Aid For Yap|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=11948|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608050152/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=11948|archivedate=2010-06-08}}</ref> The Yap hospital was poorly suited to handle the typhoon, due to the lack of medications or emergency medical equipment. About 60&nbsp;FEMA personnel worked at the hospital, who required additional items, such as their own supply of water and food, to prevent them from acquiring local diseases. During their stay on the island, the group assisted 163&nbsp;people, mostly for minor issues.<ref name="pdm"/> Overall, there were about 100&nbsp;FEMA workers involved on the island, although only 20 stayed there due to lack of hotels and rental cars.<ref name="pdn422">{{cite news|author=Katie Worth|agency=Pacific Daily News|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=2004-04-22|title=Relief agency says hundreds still in Yap shelters|accessdate=2010-08-13|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64CC6A?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=2004-0150}}</ref>

By 26&nbsp;days after the storm, more than half of the island had power restored, and the cell phone system was fixed.<ref name="rw54"/> In the weeks and months after the passage of Sudal, water temperatures around Yap decreased from {{convert|30|°C|°F}} to {{convert|24|°C|°F}}, due to significant [[upwelling]]. The drastic decrease caused unusual amounts of fog over the island, as well as significantly lower tides.<ref name="mwl"/> By September 2004, rebuilding was still underway, and half of the schools, which had previously been used as shelters, reopened to students. Power and water lines were completely restored. The hospital remained damaged with a temporary roof, and although private businesses quickly re-opened, government buildings took longer to be rebuilt; this was due to the lengthy process of receiving aid from FEMA.<ref>{{cite news|author=Katie Worth |date=2004-09-22 |title=Yap still struggling to recover after onslaught of Typhoon Sudal |agency=Pacific Daily News |publisher=Cyber Diver News Network |accessdate=2010-08-13 |url=http://www.cdnn.info/travel/t040921a/t040921a.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820063004/http://www.cdnn.info/travel/t040921a/t040921a.html |archivedate=August 20, 2008 }}</ref> Additionally, officials required a land survey to determine where structures were safe to be rebuilt.<ref name="pdm"/>

Due to the heavy damage on Yap, the name ''Sudal'' was retired during the 38th session of the [[Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] and [[World Meteorological Organization]] typhoon committee in November 2005; it was replaced with the name ''Mirinae''.<ref>{{cite web|author=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |year=2005 |title=38th Session of the Typhoon Committee |accessdate=2007-07-27 |url=http://www.disaster.go.th/html/ricb/foreign/2006/tc/typhoon38.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928150948/http://www.disaster.go.th/html/ricb/foreign/2006/tc/typhoon38.html |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[List of retired Pacific typhoon names]]
*[[Typhoon Sonca (2005)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center
**[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0401.pdf Best Track Data] of Typhoon Sudal (0401) {{ja}}
**[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0401.png Best Track Data (Graphics)] of Typhoon Sudal (0401)
**[http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Best Track Data (Text)]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2004/2004s-bwp/bwp032004.txt JTWC Best Track Data] of Super Typhoon 03W (Sudal)

{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}}
{{2004 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}

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[[:Kategorie:2004 Pacific typhoon season]]
[[:Kategorie:Retired Pacific typhoons]]
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[[:Kategorie:April 2004 events]]