Quelltext der Seite Benutzer:Bujo/Somkid

{{Importartikel}}
[[Datei:SomkidJat2006.JPG|mini|Somkid Jatusripitak (2006)]]

'''Somkid Jatusripitak''' ({{ThS|สมคิด จาตุศรีพิทักษ์|RTGS=Somkhit Chatusiphithak}}; * 15. Juli 1953) ist ein thailändischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und Politiker.

Somkid ist ein akademischer Schüler des amerikanischen Marketingprofessors [[Philip Kotler]]. Er hat – zum Teil gemeinsam mit Kotler und anderen Koautoren – eine Reihe von Büchern veröffentlicht, vor allem zum Thema [[Wettbewerbsfähigkeit]], und an mehreren thailändischen Universitäten Marketing gelehrt. Parallel war er ab den 1990er-Jahren als Politikberater tätig. 

1998 ging er selbst in die aktive Politik, war neben [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] einer der Gründer und Anführer der [[Thai-Rak-Thai-Partei]] (TRT) und war maßgeblich für das reformorientierte wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Programm der Partei verantwortlich. Nach dem Wahlsieg der TRT war er stellvertretender Ministerpräsident sowie Finanz- und Handelsminister in Thaksins Regierungen (2001–06). Nach dem [[Putsch in Thailand 2006|Militärputsch von 2006]] ernannte ihn die Junta zum Wirtschaftsbotschafter, um die vom König unterstützte Wirtschaftsphilosophie der „Genügsamkeit“ zu verbreiten.

Nach einem [[Putsch in Thailand 2014|erneuten Militärputsch 2014]] fungierte er als Berater der Junta in Außenwirtschaftsfragen. Ab September 2014 war er als einer von zwei Zivilisten Vollmitglied des sogenannten „Nationalen Rats für Ruhe und Ordnung“. Seit August 2015 ist er erneut stellvertretender Ministerpräsident in der Regierung des Generals [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]].

==Early life==
Somkid was born in Bangkok and grew up in a large, but modest [[Thai Chinese]] ([[Teochew people|Teochew]]) family, one of 10 children.<ref name="Somkid promises he'll do it his way">[http://members.tripod.com/thanong/02152001.htm Somkid promises he'll do it his way<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://216.109.125.130/search/cache?p=Somkid+Jatusripitak+chinese&ei=UTF-8&fp_ip=SG&meta=0&fl=0&fr=yfp-t-501&u=yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article%3Fid%3D2875&w=somkid+jatusripitak+chinese&d=bqXAKPmdOiG3&icp=1&.intl=us YaleGlobal]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His great-great grandfather immigrated from [[China]] during the reign of the [[Jiaqing Emperor]]<ref>[http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2005-07-03/12106336925s.shtml 泰国副总理颂奇回汕省亲祭祖 林木声黄志光等前往机场迎接] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184053/http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2005-07-03/12106336925s.shtml |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref> (early 19th century). Despite being born and raised in Thailand, Somkid still speaks Thai with a strong Chinese accent.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Pasuk Phongpaichit |authorlink1=Pasuk Phongpaichit |author2=Chris Baker |authorlink2=Chris Baker (writer) |title=Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand |publisher=NIAS Press |place=Copenhagen |year=2004|pages=169–170}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author="[[Chang Noi]]" |title=The culture of PM Thaksin |newspaper=The Nation |date=3 March 2003}}</ref> One of his older brothers, [[Som Jatusripitak]] later became president of Siam City Bank and Commerce Minister in [[Chavalit Yongchaiyudh]]'s government.<ref name="thanong.tripod.com">[http://thanong.tripod.com/05182000.htm 05182000<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212320/http://thanong.tripod.com/05182000.htm |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref>

His wife, Anurachanee Jatusripitak, teaches at [[Chulalongkorn University]]. They have three children.{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}}

==Education and academic career==
Somkid graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Faculty of Economics, [[Thammasat University]] in 1972. Later, he completed an MBA in Finance from the Graduate School of Business Administration (NIDA Business School), [[National Institute of Development Administration]] (NIDA) and a Ph.D. in marketing from the [[Kellogg School of Management]] at [[Northwestern University]].

After graduating, he joined a teaching position and became Associate Professor in Marketing at the Graduate School of Business Administration (NIDA Business School). He also served as an Associate Dean at NIDA Business School. Somkid's thinking was greatly influenced by [[Michael Porter]]'s "Competitiveness of Nations". He focused much of his academic research on the development of national and business competitiveness. Along with his mentor [[Philip Kotler]], he was a strong supporter of the concept of [[Nation Branding]]. In 1997, Somkid co-authored "The Marketing of Nations: A Strategic Approach to Building National Wealth" with [[Philip Kotler]]. The book outlined how countries could improve their competitiveness through marketing and appropriate policies to support it.<ref name="Somkid promises he'll do it his way"/> Somkid's book, ''Borisat Prathet Thai'' ("Thailand Inc: Concepts and Strategy"), stressed how Thailand should use marketing to improve its competitiveness.

==Business career==
Somkid was a co-founder of the Manager Media Group, along with [[Sondhi Limthongkul]].<ref>[http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/page.arcview.php?clid=6&id=58371 Bangkok's Independent Newspaper<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312004752/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/page.arcview.php?clid=6&id=58371 |date=March 12, 2007 }}</ref> He played a role in the establishment of the Phatra Research Institute.<ref name="Somkid promises he'll do it his way"/>  He became a Director of the Saha Pattanapibul Group, a major Thai consumer goods conglomerate.  He was appointed to become Advisor of the [[Stock Exchange of Thailand]], Director of PTTEP, and Director of the [[PTT Public Company Limited|Petroleum Authority of Thailand]].

==Political career==

===Advisor to Foreign Minister Thaksin Shinawatra===
Somkid became secretary to Foreign Minister Thaksin Shinawatra under [[Banharn Silpa-Archa]]'s government (1995–96).

===Advisor to Finance Minister Thanong Bidaya===
Somkid became secretary to Finance Minister Thanong Bidaya under [[Chavalit Yongchaiyudh]]'s government (1996–97).

===Founding of the Thai Rak Thai Party===
Somkid was one of the co-founders of the Thai Rak Thai party in 1998, along with party leader Thaksin Shinawatra.  His senior stature in the party was apparent from his no. 3 position in the TRT's 2001 election party list, behind Thaksin Shinawatra and Purachai Piemsomboon.

Somkid has been called "the man behind ''Thaksinomics''",<ref>[http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=07&filename=8901&filetype=html]{{dead link|date=May 2014}}</ref> and was the mastermind of the populist policies that helped propel the Thai Rak Thai party to a landslide election victory in 2001. The TRT "won by embracing
populism on a grand scale," said the Far Eastern Economic Review. Somkid's chief policy innovations included the universal healthcare program, 1 million THB development funds for each of Thailand's 70,000 villages, a 3-year loan freeze for farmers, fast-track privatization of state enterprises, and a national asset management corporation (AMC) to buy up the $20 billion in bad debt carried by Thai banks.<ref>[http://www.pathfinder.com/asiaweek/magazine/nations/0,8782,100225,00.html Asiaweek.com | On The Hot Seat | 2/3/2001<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221125834/http://www.pathfinder.com/asiaweek/magazine/nations/0,8782,100225,00.html |date=December 21, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=[[Duncan McCargo]] |author2=Ukrist Pathmanand |title=The Thaksinization of Thailand |place=Copenhagen |publisher=NIAS Press |year=2005 |pages=97–98}}</ref>

Somkid also pioneered the TRT party's rural small and medium enterprise (SME) policy. Noting that agriculture remains the most important economic sector, employing 60-70% of the Thai population, the economic challenge was to develop the agricultural sector and link it with the modern sector.<ref name="thanong.tripod.com"/>  This became one of the founding principles of the Thaksin government's popular [[One Tambon One Product]] (OTOP) program.

At the time, ''The Nation'' newspaper exclaimed that these policies "amount to a revolution in Thai public policy".<ref>[http://thanong.tripod.com/01112001.htm Somkid - who else could it be?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061420/http://thanong.tripod.com/01112001.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref>

===Minister in Thaksin's government===
From the TRT's landslide election win of 2001, Somkid was a core member of Thakin's economic inner cabinet - starting off as Finance Minister and then becoming Commerce Minister.

====Finance Minister====
{{prose|section|date=May 2014}}
In his term as Finance Minister (February 2001 to February 2003), Somkid
*oversaw a management reshuffle at state-owned [[Thai Airways International]]
*led the establishment of the national asset management corporation (AMC)
*supported the controversial restructuring of [[Prachai Leophai-ratana]]'s [[TPI_Polene|Thai Petrochemical Industry]] (TPI)<ref>Bangkok Post, [http://sanpaworn.vissaventure.com/log/149/tpi-update Chinese conglomerate said to seek majority stake in TPI] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529165038/http://sanpaworn.vissaventure.com/log/149/tpi-update |date=May 29, 2014 }}, 27 May 2005</ref>
*In 2002, Somkid established the ''village fund program''. This program gave each of Thailand's 70,000 villages a self-managed fund of 1 million THB (approx. 25,000 USD), to be used for grassroots social and economic investments.

====Commerce Minister====
{{prose|section|date=May 2014}}
In his term as Commerce Minister (August 2005 to September 2006), Somkid
* oversaw the recovery of tourism industry in the Andaman coast after the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|tsunami of 2004]]
* agreed to draw up a comprehensive road map for increasing trade, investment and cooperation with the United Kingdom<ref>[http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/06/09/pda/business_30006098.html Bangkok's Independent Newspaper<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203830/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/06/09/pda/business_30006098.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref>
* boosted Board of Investment incentives in three target sectors - electronics, petrochemicals and vehicle tyres<ref>[http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/05/23/business/business_30004653.php BoI okays additional incentives for investors<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170953/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/05/23/business/business_30004653.php |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref>

During the [[2005–06 Thai political crisis|anti-Thaksin demonstrations of 2005-2006]], Thaksin noted that Somkid was one of four individuals who might succeed him as Prime Minister if he stepped down.

In March 2006, during the height of the anti-Thaksin protests, Somkid underwent [[balloon angioplasty]] surgery to relieve a blood clot in an artery near his heart.<ref>[http://www.manager.co.th/IHT/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9490000039755 IHT ThaiDay - Manager Online<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165315/http://www.manager.co.th/IHT/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9490000039755 |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref>

After [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s announcement that he would not accept the Premiership from Parliament after the April 2006 elections, Somkid was widely seen as a potential replacement. In a poll of businessmen, 57% said Somkid was the most suitable candidate for new premier. The next highest TRT politician was Bhokin Bhalakula, who received only 12%.<ref>[http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/07/politics/politics_30001181.php Businessmen put Somkid in box seat<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202734/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/07/politics/politics_30001181.php |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref> Soon later, a broad coalition of TRT factions, including Wang Nam Yom (130 MPs), Rim Nam (15 MPs), Lamtakong (7 MPs), Wang Phya Nag (10 MPs), Chon Buri (7 MPs) and the Central provinces (10 MPs) decided to push for Somkid Jatusripitak as the next prime minister.<ref>[http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/07/headlines/headlines_30001187.php Somkid takes an early lead in race to become prime minister<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214239/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/07/headlines/headlines_30001187.php |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref>

===Aftermath of the 2006 coup===
The Thai military staged a successful [[2006 Thailand coup|coup]] against the Thaksin government on 19 September 2006.  At the time, Somkid was in [[Paris]], attending the Thai-France Cultural Exhibition with Princess [[Sirindhorn]] and Foreign Minister [[Kantathi Supamongkhon]]. On 21 September 2006 arrived back to Bangkok.<ref>The Nation. {{cite web |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid%3D30014251 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-09-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224235209/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30014251 |archivedate=2007-12-24 |df= }}, Somkid arrives at Don Muang</ref>   Unlike several other senior members of Thaksin's Cabinet, he was not arrested by the [[CDRM|junta]].  Somkid kept a low profile, until on 2 October 2006 he resigned from the  Thai Rak Thai Party, along with Thaksin Shinawatra.<ref>The Nation, Oct. 2, 2006 [http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/10/03/headlines/headlines_30015263.php Thaksin resigns from Thai Rak Thai] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183911/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/10/03/headlines/headlines_30015263.php |date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref><ref>The Nation, Oct. 2, 2006 [http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30015265 Somkid resigns from Thai Rak Thai Party] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012000000/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30015265 |date=October 12, 2006 }}</ref>

He continued to lead a low profile, until in February 2007, he was appointed head of a government committee charged with "preaching" King [[Bhumibol]]'s [[self-sufficient economy]] policy. The appointment provoked great controversy, as critics claimed that the populist economics czar had no role promoting self-sufficiency.<ref>The Nation, [http://nationmultimedia.com/2007/02/18/national/national_30027159.php More flak over role for Somkid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195305/http://nationmultimedia.com/2007/02/18/national/national_30027159.php |date=March 3, 2016 }}, 18 February 2007</ref><ref>The Nation, [http://nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30027069 Banharn criticises Surayud for appointing Somkid as economic envoy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207095348/http://nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/read.php?newsid=30027069 |date=December 7, 2008 }}, 18 February 2007</ref> Somkid appointment was supported by General [[Saprang Kalyanamitr]], a powerful member of the junta, and [[Sondhi Limthongkul]] of the [[People's Alliance for Democracy]], a long-time colleague of Somkid's. Somkid later decided to resign from the committee, which was then dissolved. Somkid's long-time rival, Finance Minister [[Pridiyathorn Devakula]] volunteered to help perform the committee's role, and denied any role in Somkid's resignation.<ref>Bangkok Post, [http://pages.citebite.com/o1b1p3x7t7sax Pridiyathorn: No need to replace Somkid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230845/http://pages.citebite.com/o1b1p3x7t7sax |date=March 3, 2016 }}, 21 February 2007</ref>

In early May 2007, a group of former elected senators said they were ready to support Somkid in forming a new political party, the so-called Dharma Thippatai group. Among those included Suraporn Danaitangtrakoon, Anek Laothamatas (former leader of the [[Mahachon Party]]), and former Thai Rak Thai members [[Suranand Vejjajiva]] and [[Pimol Srivikorn]].<ref>The Nation, [http://nationmultimedia.com/2007/05/10/politics/politics_30033826.php Former senators-elect back Somkid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314112113/http://nationmultimedia.com/2007/05/10/politics/politics_30033826.php |date=March 14, 2012 }}, 10 May 2007</ref> On 26 June 2007, they founded [[Ruam Jai Thai]]. However, on 30 May 2007 the Constitutional Tribunal had produced a [[2006 Thai political party dissolution charges|verdict]], barring all 111 former executive members of Thai Rak Thai Party, including Somkid, from holding political office for five years.<ref name="TFSI">{{Cite news |author=Jon Fernquest |title=Institute, not politics, now Somkid's focus |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/learning-from-news/305036/somkid-jatusripitak-research-institute-not-politics |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=30 July 2012}}</ref>

In 2012, Somkid founded the ''Thailand Future Study Institute'', a [[think tank]] which is sponsored by major Thai business corporations and seeks to provide research and consulting to public bodies and private sector.<ref name="TFSI"/>

===Advisor and member of the 2014 junta ===
After the [[2014 Thai coup d'état|22 May 2014 coup d'état]], the junta—which calls itself [[National Council for Peace and Order]] (NCPO)—appointed Somkid member of its "advisory board" in charge of foreign economic relations, especially with Asian countries China and Japan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prawit, Somkid, Pridiyathorn named advisers |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=27 May 2014 |url=http://bangkokpost.com/news/local/412074/prawit-somkid-pridiyathorn-named-advisers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/412579/ncpo-lays-out-stages-to-next-poll |title=NCPO lays out stages to next poll |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=29 May 2014}}</ref> On 16 September Somkid—as one of two civilians— was appointed as a member of the NCPO.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/432553/somkid-meechai-sit-on-ncpo |title=Somkid, Meechai sit on NCPO |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=16 September 2014}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
* (co-authored with Philip Kotler and Liam Fahey). {{Cite book |title=The New Competition |place=Englewood Cliffs, N.J. |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=0136120784}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Exporting Behavior of Manufacturing Firms |place=Ann Arbor, Mich. |publisher=UMI Research Press |year=1986 |isbn=0835717232}}
* (co-authored with Philip Kotler and Suvit Maesincee). {{Cite book |title=The Marketing of Nations: A strategic approach to building national wealth |publisher=Free Press |place=New York |year=1997 |isbn=068483488X}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Tarrin Nimmanahaeminda]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Ministry of Finance (Thailand)|Minister of Finance]]|years=2001-2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Suchart Chaovisith]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Suchart Chaovisith]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Ministry of Finance (Thailand)|Minister of Finance]]|years=2004-2005}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thanong Bidaya]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

<!-- [[WP:SUR]] exception on Thai names -->

<nowiki>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somkid Jatusripitak}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Thai economists]]
[[Category:20th-century economists|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
[[Category:21st-century economists|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
[[Category:Business theorists|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
[[Category:Business writers|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
[[Category:Business educators|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
[[Category:Thai politicians of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:Kellogg School of Management alumni|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
[[Category:Thai Rak Thai Party politicians]]
[[Category:Ministers of Commerce of Thailand]]
[[Category:Ministers of Finance of Thailand]]
[[Category:Deputy Prime Ministers of Thailand]]
[[Category:Thais United politicians]]
[[Category:Institute directors|Jatusripitak, Somkid]]
</nowiki>