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[[Datei:File-Hamlet,_Prince_of_Demark_Act_I_Scene_IV.png|mini|''Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act I, Scene IV'' by [[Henry Fuseli]] (1789)]]
'''Hauntologie''' (ein [[Kontamination (Sprachwissenschaft)|Schachtelwort]], das sich von den Worten ''haunt'', oder heimsuchen, und [[Ontologie]] ableitet) ist ein von [[Jacques Derrida]] in seinem Buch ''Spectres de Marx'' (de: ''Marx' Gespenster'') geprägter [[Neologismus]].<ref name=":0">{{Internetquelle |url=https://kritisch-lesen.de/rezension/marx-gespenster |titel=Marx' Gespenster |datum=2006-02-01 |abruf=2020-03-26 |sprache=de}}</ref> Der Begriff beschreibt vor allem europäische Kulturphänomene, die von den Geistern ihrer gemeinsamen Vergangenheit heimgesucht (d.h. besessen) sind, und findet in Bereichen von der [[Bildende Kunst|bildenden Kunst]] oder der [[Elektronische Musik|elektronischen Musik]] bis hin zur [[Literaturkritik]] Einsatz.<ref>{{Literatur |Autor=Felix Stephan |Titel=Hauntology-Pop: Elektronische Musik erforscht ihr Unbewusstes |Sammelwerk=Die Zeit |Ort=Hamburg |Datum=2012-02-06 |ISSN=0044-2070 |Online=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/musik/2012-02/ctm-hauntology |Abruf=2020-03-26}}</ref>

Derrida leitete den Begriff von der [[Marxismus|marxistischen]] Vorstellung eines Gespenstes des [[Kommunismus]] ab, das in Europa umgeht.<ref name=":0" /> Obwohl es im begrifflichen Zentrum von ''Marx' Gespenster'' steht, erscheint das Wort erst dreimal in dem Buch, und es herrscht kein kritischer Konsens, was die genaue Definition des Begriffs betrifft.<ref name="NSM">{{cite web|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/07/ghosts-our-lives|title=The ghosts of our lives|date=31 July 2019|accessdate=15 December 2019|last1=Whyman|first1=Tom|website=New Statesman}}</ref>

== ''Marx' Gespenster'' ==
{{Main|Spectres of Marx}}
"Hauntology" originates from Derrida's discussion of [[Karl Marx]] in ''Spectres of Marx'', specifically Marx's proclamation that "a [[Ghost|spectre]] is haunting Europe—the spectre of communism" in ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]''. Derrida calls on Shakespeare's ''[[Hamlet]]'', particularly a phrase spoken by the titular character: "the time is out of joint".

Derrida's prior work in deconstruction, on concepts of [[Trace (deconstruction)|trace]] and [[différance]] in particular, serves as the foundation of his formulation of hauntology,<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2011/jun/17/hauntology-critical|title=Hauntology: A not-so-new critical manifestation|date=17 June 2011|last=Gallix|first=Andrew|website=The Guardian}}</ref> fundamentally asserting that there is no temporal point of pure origin but only an "[[Always already|always-already]] absent present".<ref>''The Languages of Criticism and The Sciences of Man: the Structuralist Controversy.'' Ed. by Richard Macsey and Eugenio Donato (Baltimore, 1970), p. 254</ref> His writing in ''Spectres'' is marked by a preoccupation with the "death" of [[communism]] after the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|1991 fall of the Soviet Union]], in particular after theorists such as [[Francis Fukuyama]] asserted that [[capitalism]] had conclusively triumphed over other political-economic systems and reached the [[The End of History and the Last Man|"end of history"]]."<ref name="dj.dancecult.net">{{cite web|url=https://dj.dancecult.net/index.php/dancecult/article/viewFile/378/391|title=The Metaphysics of Crackle: Afrofuturism and Hauntology|last=Fisher|first=Mark|journal=Dance Cult}}</ref>
== Other usages{{anchor|Hauntological music}} ==
{{See also|Hauntology (music)
}}
Hauntology has been used as a critical lens in various forms of media and [[Critical theory|theory]], including [[music]], [[political theory]], [[architecture]], [[Afrofuturism]], [[anthropology]], and [[psychoanalysis]].<ref name="The Guardian" />{{not in citation|date=September 2018}}<ref name="Fisher, Mark 2014">Fisher, Mark. ''Ghosts of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures''. Zero Books, May 30, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-78099-226-6}}</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2019}}  Due to the difficulty in understanding the concept, there is little consistency in how other writers define the term.<ref name="NSM" />

In the 2000s, the term was taken up by critics in reference to paradoxes found in [[postmodernity]], particularly contemporary culture's persistent recycling of [[retro]] aesthetics and incapacity to escape old social forms.<ref name="dj.dancecult.net" /> Writers such as [[Mark Fisher (theorist)|Mark Fisher]] and [[Simon Reynolds]] used the term to describe a [[Hauntology (music)|musical aesthetic]] preoccupied with this temporal disjunction and the [[nostalgia]] for "lost futures".<ref name="bloom">{{cite book|last1=Albiez|first1=Sean|title=Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 11|date=2017|publisher=Bloomsbury|pages=347-349|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKc0DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=10 January 2020}}</ref> So-called "hauntological" musicians are described as exploring ideas related to temporal disjunction, [[retrofuturism]], [[cultural memory]], and the persistence of the past.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book|first1=Sheila|last1=Whiteley|first2=Shara|last2=Rambarran|title=The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality|date=January 22, 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=412}}</ref><ref name="sbe">{{cite book|last1=Stone Blue Editors|title=William Basinski: Musician Snapshots|date=Sep 11, 2015|publisher=SBE Media|pages=Chapter 3}}</ref><ref name="dj.dancecult.net" />

== See also ==

* [[Deconstruction]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* ''Specters of Marx, the state of the debt, the Work of Mourning, & the New International'', trans by Peggy Kamuf, Routledge 1994. {{ISBN|9780415389570}}.
* Buse, P. and Scott, A. (ed's). ''Ghosts: Deconstruction, Psychoanalysis, History''. London: Macmillan, 1999. {{ISBN|9780333711439}}.
* ''[https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15481352/2019/47/4 Hauntology in Psychological Anthropology]'' Special Issue of ''Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology'' (Volume 47, Issue 4, December 2019) dedicated to hauntology.

== External links ==

* https://reynoldsretro.blogspot.com/2017/10/hauntology-ghost-box-label-frieze-2005.html
* {{cite web|url=http://k-punk.abstractdynamics.org/archives/007230.html|title=k-punk: Hauntology Now|date=17 January 2006|last=Fisher|first=Mark|website=k-punk.abstractdynamics.org}}

{{Hauntology}}