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'''''Alexander Hamilton''''' ist [[Ron Chernow|Ron Chernows]] 2004 veröffentlichte Biographie des US-amerikanischen Politikers [[Alexander Hamilton]]. Hamilton wird zu den [[Gründerväter der Vereinigten Staaten|Gründervätern der Vereinigten Staaten]] gezählt und war ihr erster Finanzminister.

The book, which was met with mostly positive acclaim, went on to win the inaugural [[George Washington Book Prize]] for early American history and was a nominee for the 2005 [[National Book Critics Circle Award]] in biography. [[Lin-Manuel Miranda]] nutzte das Buch als Grundlage für sein kommerziell und bei Kritikern erfolgreiches Musical [[Hamilton (Musical)|''Hamilton'']].

==Entstehung==
Before working on ''Alexander Hamilton'', Chernow had previously written multiple books in the topics of business and finance. Sein 1980 veröffentlichtes Buch ''The House of Morgan'' über das Leben des Bankiers [[J. P. Morgan]] gewann den [[National Book Award for Nonfiction]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Book Awards 1990 |url=https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1990/ |website=National Book Foundation |access-date=March 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615000125/https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1990/ |archive-date=June 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 1998 publizierte er eine Biographie [[John D. Rockefeller|John D. Rockefellers]], die sich 16 Wochen lang in der [[The New York Times Best Seller list|New-York-Times-Bestsellerliste]] halten konnte.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morrow |first1=Lance |title=Books: John D. Rockefeller: Oil In The Family |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988554,00.html |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=Time |date=June 15, 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111070003/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988554,00.html |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1999, Chernow shifted his emphasis away from business moguls to start a biography in a new topic, American politics. He later cited his change in focus, "as a way to broaden my scope, and to stay fresh" after being inundated with requests for further biographies about [[Gilded Age]] industrialists such as [[Andrew Carnegie]] and [[Cornelius Vanderbilt]].<ref name="CSPAN">{{cite web|title=Q&A with Ron Chernow, Part 1 {{!}} C-SPAN.org|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?295700-1/qa-ron-chernow-part-1|website=www.c-span.org|publisher=C-SPAN|access-date=April 7, 2020|language=en-us|date=October 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616075237/https://www.c-span.org/video/?295700-1%2Fqa-ron-chernow-part-1|archive-date=June 16, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Therefore, Chernow called Hamilton his "exit strategy". This book would allow a foray into constitutional law and foreign policy while still including a large financial dimension.<ref name="CSPAN" />

Chernow begann die Arbeiten an Alexander Hamilton 1998. (Beleg?) by going through more than 22,000 pages of Hamilton's papers and archival research around the world.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Freeman |first1=John |title=Hamilton Envisioned U.S. Power |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29575890/hamilton_south_florida_sun_sentinel/ |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=South Florida Sun Sentinel |date=May 30, 2004|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}{{free access}}</ref> <s>He described Hamilton's extensive writing by calling him, "the human word machine", saying he "must have produced the maximum number of words that a human being can scratch out in 49 years".</s><ref name="Arizona">{{cite news|title=Biographer fills in Hamilton's background|work=Arizona Republic|date=May 2, 2004|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29576192/hamilton_arizona_republic/|last1=Maslin|first1=Janet|access-date=March 16, 2019|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Over the course of his writing and research, Chernow also took the time to dive deeper into Hamilton's history. He held the dueling pistols used in the famous [[Burr–Hamilton duel]], visited the jail cell on [[Saint Croix]] where Hamilton's mother was imprisoned, went to the island of [[Bequia]] to which Hamilton's father disappeared after abandoning his illegitimate son, and had a lock of Alexander's hair genetically tested for his racial makeup.<ref name="Arizona" /> <s>Chernow explained Hamilton in his book by stating, "If Washington is the father of the country and Madison the father of the Constitution, then Alexander Hamilton was surely the father of the American government."</s><ref name="Arizona" /><ref name="CSM">{{cite news|last=Hartle|first=Terry W.|title=The founder who gave America a bank to trust|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0615/p15s01-bogn.html|access-date=March 15, 2019|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=June 15, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321131645/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0615/p15s01-bogn.html|archive-date=March 21, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Rezeption==
Nach seiner Veröffentlichung wurde das Buch bei den National Book Critics Circle Awards in der Kategorie Biographie nominiert.<ref name="Dayton">{{cite news |last1=Mickunas |first1=Vick |title=Hamilton gets turn in spotlight |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29578278/hamilton_dayton_daily_news/ |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=Dayton Daily News |date=April 3, 2005|via=Newspapers.com}}{{free access}}</ref> 2005 gewann es den mit $50,000 dotierten George Washington Book Prize. Dieser mit Preis für Bücher über frühe amerikanische Geschichte wurde in diesem Jahr erstm„“als vergeben.<ref name="GWPrize">{{cite news |title=Hamilton biographer honored with $50,000 book prize |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29578010/hamilton_prize/ |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=The Star-Democrat |date=May 9, 2005|via=Newspapers.com}}{{free access}}</ref><ref name="GWPrize2">{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7221005.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414052943/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7221005.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 14, 2016 |title=Historian Ron Chernow wins Washington Prize |date=May 10, 2005 |work=Deseret News |publisher= {{Subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}|access-date=June 27, 2013}}</ref> ''Alexander Hamilton'' stand zunächst drei Wochen auf der New-York-Times-Bestsellerlist. after its release, and then returned to the list in 2015 after the release of ''[[Hamilton (musical)|Hamilton: An American Musical]]''.<ref name="Claiborne">{{cite news |title=Pulitzer Prize Winning Historian Ron Chernow to Speak at The Tennessee Theatre |url=https://m.claiborneprogress.net/2019/03/12/pulitzer-prize-winning-historian-ron-chernow-to-speak-at-the-tennessee-theatre/ |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=Claiborne Progress |date=March 12, 2019}}</ref>

[[David Brooks (Journalist)|David Brooks]] and [[Janet Maslin]] lobten das Buch in der ''[[The New York Times]]''. Brooks schrieb, zwar hätten „andere Autoren [...] Hamiltons politische Philosophie besser beschrieben, doch niemand hat Hamilton selbst so vollständig und schön wie Chernow eingefangen“ („[while] other writers...have done better jobs describing Hamilton's political philosophy, nobody has captured Hamilton himself as fully and as beautifully as Chernow.”).<ref name="BrooksNYT">{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=David |title=Creating Capitalism|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/25/books/creating-capitalism.html |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 25, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310062424/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/25/books/creating-capitalism.html|archive-date=March 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Maslin lobte, dass Chernow es vermöge, „hekömmlichen Ansichten über Hamilton eine dritte Dimension hinzuzufügen“ („add a third dimension to conventional views of Hamilton while reaching beyond the limits of a personal portrait“).<ref name="Arizona" />

Benjamin Schwarz kritisierte das Buch in ''[[The Atlantic]]''. Chernow kenne sich mit der Politik der amerikanischen Revolution nicht aus. Er lobte zwar die früheren Biographien von Morgan und Rockefeller, doch schrieb über ''Alexander Hamilton'': "he's just as obviously not at home in the eighteenth century; his grasp of its religion, attitudes, and intellectual history is unsure, and he lacks command of the ideological, political, sectional, and social differences that divided the early republic."<ref name="Atlantic">{{cite news |last1=Schwarz |first1=Benjamin|title=New & Noteworthy |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/04/new-noteworthy/302920/|access-date=March 16, 2019|work=The Atlantic|date=April 1, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101042812/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/04/new-noteworthy/302920/|archive-date=January 1, 2019|url-status=live }}</ref> Justin Martin, writing for the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' additionally thought the book "dry and speculative," as well as slow in pace; "one can only assume that Chernow, despite his abundant talent, is in the grip of a silly literary convention, namely, that bios of major figures must be very, very long."<ref name="SFGate">{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Justin |title=Alexander Hamilton, America's first moderate / Chernow's biography presents him as a farseeing statesman |url=https://www.sfgate.com/books/article/Alexander-Hamilton-America-s-first-moderate-2764817.php |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=SFGate |date=April 25, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808010539/http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/Alexander-Hamilton-America-s-first-moderate-2764817.php |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Bühnenbearbeitung==
Ab 2008 beriet Chernow Lin-Manuel Miranda bei der Arbeit am Musical ''Hamilton''.<ref name="Claiborne" /> Miranda hatte Chernows Buch im Urlaub gelesen und erkannte nach den ersten Kapiteln das Potential als Musical. Ein gemeinsamer Freund arrangierte ein Treffen der beiden nach einer Aufführung von Mirandas Musical ''In the Heights''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=EDT |first1=Newsweek Special Edition On 9/26/16 at 11:03 AM|title=Meet the biographer who inspired Broadway's 'Hamilton' |url=https://www.newsweek.com/hamilton-biographer-ron-chernow-502295|access-date=April 7, 2020|work=Newsweek |date=September 26, 2016 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407212144/https://www.newsweek.com/hamilton-biographer-ron-chernow-502295 |archive-date=April 7, 2020|url-status=live }}</ref> Miranda sagte Chernow, er habe bei der Lektüre „Hip-Hop-Songs aus den Seiten aufsteigen“ ("hip-hop songs rising off the page") gesehen und bat ihn um Unterstützung.<ref name="MountVernon">{{cite web |title=Hamilton on Broadway |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/video/view/403/ |website=Mount Vernon |access-date=April 7, 2020|date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407211646/https://www.mountvernon.org/video/view/403/ |archive-date=April 7, 2020|url-status=live }}</ref> ''Hamilton'' wurde schließlich am 20. Januar 2015 im The Public Theater in [[New York City|New York]] uraufgeführt.

<s>For six years, Chernow helped guide Miranda through the process of writing ''[[Hamilton (musical)|Hamilton]]''. The musical debuted on January 20, 2015, at [[The Public Theater]] in [[New York City]]. It went on to receive a record-setting 16 [[Tony Award|Tony]] nominations, winning 11, including [[Tony Award for Best Musical|Best Musical]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paulson |first1=Michael |title='Hamilton' Makes History With 16 Tony Nominations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/theater/hamilton-tony-nominations-record.html |access-date=March 16, 2019|work=The New York Times |date=May 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503221717/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/theater/hamilton-tony-nominations-record.html |archive-date=3 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was also the recipient of the 2016 [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album|Best Musical Theater Album]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Andrea |title=Grammys 2016: "Hamilton" performs, wins Best Musical Theater Album |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/grammys-2016-hamilton-performs-wins-best-musical-theater-album/ |access-date=March 16, 2019 |work=www.cbsnews.com |date=February 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921035249/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/grammys-2016-hamilton-performs-wins-best-musical-theater-album/ |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The play also won the 2016 [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Viagas|first=Robert|title=Hamilton Wins 2016 Pulitzer Prize; Miranda Reacts |url=http://www.playbill.com/article/hamilton-wins-2016-pulitzer-prize-com-347196|access-date=March 16, 2019|work=[[Playbill]]|date=April 18, 2016|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304032151/http://www.playbill.com/article/hamilton-wins-2016-pulitzer-prize-com-347196|archive-date=March 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref></s>

Nach dem Erfolg des Musicals wurde eine Taschenbuch-Ausgabe des Buchs mit dem Logo des Musicals auf dem Einband veröffentlicht. Die Verkäufe stiegne von 3.300 Kopien 2014 auf 106.000 Kopien 2015. Das Buch stieg wieder in die New-York-Times-Bestsellerliste und die Bessellerliste von ''[[USA Today]]'' ein.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alter|first=Alexandra|title='Hamilton: The Revolution' Races Out of Bookstores, Echoing the Musical's Success|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/books/hamilton-the-revolution-races-out-of-bookstores-echoing-the-musicals-success.html|access-date=March 16, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112183626/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/books/hamilton-the-revolution-races-out-of-bookstores-echoing-the-musicals-success.html|archive-date=January 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McClurg|first=Jocelyn|title='Hamilton' bump |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29580351/hamilton_book_sales_soar_after_musical/|access-date=March 16, 2019|work=Asbury Park Press |date=June 26, 2016}}</ref> Nach der Neuauflage erschienen weitere Rezensionen, etwa im ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'' und der ''[[The Times|Times]]''.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last1=Kidd |first1=Colin |title=Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow review – the man behind the musical|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/oct/13/alexander-hamilton-by-ron-chernow-review|access-date=April 7, 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115193208/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/oct/13/alexander-hamilton-by-ron-chernow-review |archive-date=November 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gove|first=Michael|title=Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/alexander-hamilton-by-ron-chernow-8k8h32lhd|access-date=April 7, 2020|work=The Times|date=December 24, 2016|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407213400/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/alexander-hamilton-by-ron-chernow-8k8h32lhd |archive-date=April 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Nach dem Aufführungsbeginn in London wurde das Buch erstmals im Vereinigten Königreich gedruckt.<ref name="Guardian" />

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last=Chernow|first=Ron|title=Alexander Hamilton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z5eL5SGjEoC|date=26 April 2004|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-59420-009-0}}

==External links==
*[https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/292945/alexander-hamilton-by-ron-chernow/9780143034759 ''Alexander Hamilton'' on Penguin Random House]
*[https://archive.org/details/alexanderhamilto00cher/ Online copy] via [[Internet Archive]] (registration needed)

{{Alexander Hamilton}}
{{Ron Chernow}}
{{Hamilton (musical)}}

<nowiki>[[Category:2004 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books by Ron Chernow]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Alexander Hamilton]]
[[Category:Penguin Books books]]</nowiki>