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'''''Tang ping''''' ({{zh|c=躺平|p=tǎng píng|l=lying flat}}) beschreibt einen [[Lebensstil]] und soziale [[Protest|Protestbewegung]] in China. 


...  by some young people who reject societal pressures on [[hard work]] or even [[overwork]] (such as the [[996 working hour system]], which is generally regarded as a [[rat race]] with ever [[diminishing returns]]),<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-57348406|title=China's new 'tang ping' trend aims to highlight pressures of work culture|date=June 3, 2021|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/china/china-tang-ping-trend-work-culture-b1862444.html|title=An entire generation of Chinese youth is rejecting the pressures of hustle culture by 'lying flat'|date=June 9, 2021|work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/comment/letters/article/3136920/chinas-youth-are-lying-flat-fear-so-might-their-futures|title=China's youth are lying flat: the fear is, so might their futures|date=June 14, 2021|publisher=South China Morning Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/china-lying-flat-stress/2021/06/04/cef36902-c42f-11eb-89a4-b7ae22aa193e_story.html|title=Young Chinese take a stand against pressures of modern life — by lying down|date=June 5, 2021|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> and instead choose to "lie down flat and get over the beatings" via a low-desire, more indifferent attitude towards life. Novelist Liao Zenghu described "lying flat" as a [[resistance movement]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Some Chinese shun grueling careers for 'low-desire life'|publisher=Associated Press|date=July 4, 2021|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-d2b9f71d73219b32d78709b0afb443ca|authors=JOE McDONALD and FU TING}}</ref> and ''The New York Times'' called it part of a nascent Chinese [[counterculture]].<ref name="NYTChen" /> It has also been compared to the [[Great Resignation]] that began in America (and the western world) around the same time.<ref>{{cite news|title=The labor shortage is reshaping the economy and how people talk about work. Here's a glossary of all the new phrases that sum up workers' frustration with their deal, from 'lying flat' to 'antiwork.'|work=Business Insider|date=3 November 2021|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/whats-a-labor-shortage-strike-shortages-great-resignation-defined-2021-11|last1=Kaplan|first1=Juliana}}</ref><ref name="scmp-oct-2021">{{cite news|title=What is ‘lying flat’, and why are Chinese officials standing up to it?|work=South China Morning Post|date=24 October 2021|url=https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3153362/what-lying-flat-and-why-are-chinese-officials-standing-it|last1=Siqi|first1=Ji|last2=Huifeng|first2=He|last3=Peach|first3=Brian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Analysis {{!}} The ‘Great Resignation’ goes global|work=Washington Post|date=18 October 2021|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/10/18/labor-great-resignation-global/|last1=Tharoor|first1=Ishaan}}</ref>

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tang ping''}}

Unlike the ''[[hikikomori]]'' in [[Japan]] (who are socially withdrawn), these young Chinese people who subscribe to "lying flat" are not [[Social isolation|socially isolated]], but merely choose to lower their professional and economic ambitions and simplify their goals, still being fiscally productive for their own essential needs, and prioritize [[psychological health]] over [[economic materialism]].<ref name="SixthTone">{{cite web|url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1007589/tired-of-running-in-place%2C-young-chinese-lie-down|title=Tired of Running in Place, Young Chinese ‘Lie Down’|date=2021-05-27|accessdate=2021-07-15|last2=Liu|first2=Mengqiu|publisher=Sixth Tone|last1=Zhang|first1=Wanqing}}</ref>

== Ursprung ==
The movement began in April 2021 with a post by Luo Huazhong (username "Kind-Hearted Traveler") on the [[internet forum]] [[Baidu Tieba]], in which he discussed his reasons for living a low-key, [[Simple living|minimalist]] lifestyle. In 2016, 26-year-old Luo quit his factory job because it made him feel empty. He then [[Cycling|cycled]] {{cvt|1300|mi|km|order=flip}} from [[Sichuan]] to [[Tibet]], and now back in his home town [[Jiande]] in eastern [[Zhejiang|Zhejiang Province]], spends his time reading [[philosophy]], and gets by doing a few [[Handyman|odd jobs]] and taking US$60 a month from his savings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/2019322/why-lying-flat-a-niche-chinese-millennial-meme-alarms-beijing/|title=A niche Chinese Gen Z meme is ringing alarm bells for Beijing}}</ref><ref name="NYTChen" /> He only eats two meals a day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI5Nzk2NzEwMg==&mid=2247494660&idx=1&sn=5a833ee0d0d59edec563b44a23f2b4e6&chksm=ecafa095dbd82983792e3e06b07bb6f5d75d474733a7b94a723e4f4c52a2f844fc40e2ac70da#rd|title=“躺平学大师”和他的国|last=Epoch故事小馆|website=微信公众平台|language=zh|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428033719/http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI5Nzk2NzEwMg==&mid=2247494660&idx=1&sn=5a833ee0d0d59edec563b44a23f2b4e6&chksm=ecafa095dbd82983792e3e06b07bb6f5d75d474733a7b94a723e4f4c52a2f844fc40e2ac70da#rd|archive-date=2021-04-28|access-date=2021-07-08}}</ref>

Luo's story quickly gained a following on [[social media]], being discussed and soon becoming a [[buzzword]] on [[Sina Weibo]] and [[Douban]]. The idea was praised by many and inspired numerous [[Internet meme|memes]], and has been described as a sort of spiritual movement.<ref name="BBC" /> Business magazine ABC Money claimed it resonated with a growing [[silent majority]] of youth disillusioned by the officially endorsed "[[China Dream]]" that encourages a life of hard work and sacrifice with no actual [[life satisfaction]] to show for it, spawning the [[catchphrase]] "a [[Chinese chive|chive]] lying flat cannot be [[Sickle|reaped]]" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 躺平的韭菜不好割 ''Tǎng píng de jiǔcài bù hǎo gē'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abcmoney.co.uk/2021/06/22/why-chinese-youth-are-lying-flat-as-a-form-of-resistance-to-ccp-rule/|title=Why Chinese youth are ‘lying flat’ as a form of resistance to CCP rule|date=2021-06-22|accessdate=2021-07-15|last=James|first=Claire|publisher=ABC Money}}</ref>

== Reaktion ==
The [[Chinese Communist Party]] moved quickly to reject the idea through state-owned media. The powerful [[Cyberspace Administration of China|CAC]] internet regulator ordered online platforms to "strictly restrict" posts on ''tang ping'' and had censors remove Luo's original Tieba post ("Lying Flat Is Justice") while a discussion group of nearly 10,000 followers on Chinese social media site [[Douban]] is no longer accessible.<ref>{{Cite news|title=China's new 'tang ping' trend aims to highlight pressures of work culture|work=BBC News|date=3 June 2021|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-57348406}}</ref> Selling ''tang ping''-branded merchandise online is forbidden.<ref name="NYTChen" /> In May 2021, Chinese state media [[Xinhua]] published an editorial asserting that "lying flat" is shameful.<ref>{{cite news|title='躺平'可耻，哪来的正义感？|publisher=Xinhua|date=May 20, 2021|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/comments/2021-05/20/c_1127467232.htm|trans-title='Lying flat' shameful, where is sense of justice?|lang=Chinese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/05/the-low-desire-life-why-people-in-china-are-rejecting-high-pressure-jobs-in-favour-of-lying-flat|title=The low-desire life: why people in China are rejecting high-pressure jobs in favour of 'lying flat'|date=2021-07-05|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-07-06}}</ref> In May, a video clip of [[Central China Television|CCTV]] news commentator [[Bai Yansong]] criticizing the low-key mindset circulated on the popular video-sharing website [[Bilibili]],<ref name="SixthTone" /> and had attracted thousands of mockeries and slurs on the ''[[danmu]]'' commentaries in response.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MQ4y1o7Ap?from=search&seid=5804890937214461645|title=蚌埠住了，白岩松："难道我们现在指望的是房价很低，然后一点压力都没有？不会吧？！"请看2021年4月房价排行榜|accessdate=2021-05-11|website=哔哩哔哩弹幕视频网|archive-date=2021-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514172354/https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MQ4y1o7Ap?from=search&seid=5804890937214461645}}</ref><ref name="dwc66">{{cite news|title=中国年轻人：拒绝“加油干”，只想“躺平”了|date=2021-06-06|accessdate=2021-06-23|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B9%E5%B9%B2%E5%8F%AA%E6%83%B3%E8%BA%BA%E5%B9%B3%E4%BA%86/a-57791341|agency=德国之声中文网|archive-date=2021-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608164422/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B9%E5%B9%B2%E5%8F%AA%E6%83%B3%E8%BA%BA%E5%B9%B3%E4%BA%86/a-57791341}}</ref> An October article by Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]], published in the Communist Party journal ''[[Qiushi]]'', called for "avoiding 'involution' [''nei juan''] and 'lying flat'".<ref name="scmp-oct-2021" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2021-10/15/c_1127959365.htm|title=扎实推动共同富裕|date=2021-10-15|author=Xi Jinping|website=Qiushi|trans-title=Solidly promoting common prosperity|lang=zh|author-link=Xi Jinping}}</ref>

However, there were official voices offering more empathic opinions on the ''tang ping'' phenomenon. Beijing's party-affiliated ''[[Guangming Daily]]'' newspaper added that ''tang ping'' should not be discounted without reflection—if China wants to cultivate diligence in the young generation, it should first try to improve their [[quality of life]].<ref name="SixthTone" /> Huang Ping, a literature professor who researches [[youth culture]] at [[East China Normal University]], told ''[[Sixth Tone]]'' that official media outlets may be concerned about the ''tang ping'' lifestyle because of its potential to threaten productivity, but "humans aren't merely tools for making things... when you can't catch up with society's development—say, skyrocketing home prices—tang ping is actually the most rational choice".

== Siehe auch ==

* [[Karoshi]] (過労死)
* [[NEET]]
* [[Arbeitsverweigerung]]
* [[Slacker]]
* [[Gegenkultur]]

== Einzelnachweise ==

<references />


[[:Kategorie:Lebensstil]]
[[:Kategorie:Gesellschaft (China)]]