Quelltext der Seite Benutzer:Shi Annan/Alishan National Scenic Area

{{Importartikel}}
{{About|the scenic area|other uses|Alishan (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Alishan National Scenic Area sign 20160208b.jpg
|c=阿里山國家風景區
|p=Ālǐshān Guójiā Fēngjǐng Qū
|gr=Aliishan Gwojia Fengjiing Chiu
|poj=A-lí-san Kok-ka Hong-kéng-khu
}}
{{coord|23|31|N|120|48|E|display=title}}

The '''Alishan National Scenic Area''' is a [[mountain resort]] and [[nature reserve]] located in [[Alishan, Chiayi|Alishan]] township, [[Chiayi County]], [[Taiwan]].

==Geography==
[[File:Sea of clouds, Taiwan.jpg|thumb|250px|View from Alishan.]]
[[File:Chamaecyparis formosensis.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Formosan cypress]].]]
Alishan is {{convert|415|km2|ha}} in area. Notable characteristics include mountain wilderness, four villages, waterfalls, high altitude [[tea]] plantations, the [[Alishan Forest Railway]], and a number of hiking trails. The area is popular with tourists and mountain climbers. Alishan, itself has become one of the major landmarks associated with Taiwan. The area is famous for its production of [[High-mountain tea|high mountain tea]] and [[wasabi]].{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Alishan is well known for its sunrises, sunset, [[sea of clouds]] in the area between Alishan and [[Yushan (mountain)|Yüshan]], railway station, and sacred trees. Alishan, along with [[Taroko Gorge]] and [[Sun Moon Lake]], is one of Taiwan's most popular scenic attractions.

==Climate==
Alishan National Scenic Area spans a broad range in altitude. Lower elevations, such as in [[Leye Township]], share the same [[subtropical]] and [[tropical]] climate as the rest of southern Taiwan, while the climate changes to [[temperate]] and [[alpine climate|alpine]] as the elevation increases. Snow sometimes falls at higher elevations in the winter.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} Alishan is located at an altitude of 1400 to 2600 meters. The average annual temperature is about 10 degrees Celsius, coupled with abundant rainfall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travel King Alishan National Scenice Area|url=https://www.travelking.com.tw/tourguide/scenery102642.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415230611/https://www.travelking.com.tw/tourguide/scenery102642.html |archive-date=2016-04-15 }}</ref>  
[[File:Picture of Alishan High Mountain Tea .jpg|thumb|Growing Alishan High Mountain Tea]]

Average temperatures are moderate:{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
* Low elevations: 24&nbsp;°C in the summer, 16&nbsp;°C in the winter.
* Medium elevations: 19&nbsp;°C in the summer, 12&nbsp;°C in the winter. 
* High elevations: 14&nbsp;°C in the summer, 5&nbsp;°C in the winter.

==Topography==
Alishan is mountainous:{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

*Number of peaks above 2000 meters: 25
*Highest point: Da Ta Shan (大塔山), 2,663 meters.
*Average height of Alishan Mountain Range: 2,500 meters.

==Vegetation and wildlife==
Important [[tree]]s in the area include:{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
*''[[Taiwania]] cryptomerioides'', a large coniferous tree in the cypress family [[Cupressaceae]] (the same family as the next three species)
*''[[Chamaecyparis formosensis]]'', or Formosan Cypress
*''[[Chamaecyparis taiwanensis]]''
*''[[Cunninghamia]] konishii''
*''[[Pinus taiwanensis]]'', or [[Taiwan Red Pine]]
*''[[Picea morrisonicola]]'', or Yüshan Spruce
*''[[Pseudotsuga sinensis]]'' var. ''wilsoniana'', or [[Chinese Douglas-fir|Taiwan Douglas-fir]]
*''[[Abies kawakamii]]'', a species of conifer in the family [[Pinaceae]], only found in Taiwan
*''[[Tsuga chinensis]]'' var. ''formosana'', Taiwan or Chinese Hemlock
*''[[Ulmus uyematsui]]'', a species of elm only found in the Alishan region

=== Sacred Trees ===
In 1906, the Japanese has discovered a red cypress tree that was over 3000 years old, located next to the Alishan Forest Railway's [[Shenmu railway station|Sacred Tree Station]]. The Japanese honored it as the "Sacred Tree". The tree is 52 meters tall with a trunk diameter of nearly 5 meters, making it one of the largest giant trees in Alishan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=travel king Alishan Sacred trees|url=https://www.travelking.com.tw/tourguide/alishan/mobile/scenery104724.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182235/https://www.travelking.com.tw/tourguide/alishan/mobile/scenery104724.html |archive-date=2021-07-09 }}</ref>

The Alishan sacred tree withered due to lightning and heavy rain. It was put down in 1998 for tourists to visit. In 2006, the [[Chiayi County Government]] and the Alishan Scenic Area Administration started a voting activity to select other sacred trees as the new landmark in the scenic area. The 45-meter tall, 2,300-year-old Xianglin Giant Tree received the highest number of votes and became the second generation of sacred tree.

The Giant trees are later organized and a trail is built for visitors to enter, where they can see more than 38 giant trees, most of which are hundreds of years old.

==History==
[[Image:Old Japanese Train in Alishan.JPG|thumb|250px|A Japanese-built train on the Alishan Forest Railway.]]
[[Image:Alishan National Scenic Area.jpg|thumb|250px|Boardwalk at Alishan National Scenic Area.]]
[[File:YUYUPAS Park.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Tsou people|Tsou]] Cultural Park.]]
The Alishan area was originally settled by the [[Tsou people|Tsou tribe]] of the [[Taiwanese aborigines]]; the name derives from the aboriginal word ''Jarissang''. Ethnic [[Han Chinese]] settlers first settled on the plains near modern-day Chiayi as early as the late [[Ming Dynasty]] (around the mid-17th century), but did not move into the mountains until the late 18th century, establishing the towns of Ruili (瑞里), Ruifeng (瑞峰), Xiding (隙頂), and Fenqihu (奮起湖). The resulting armed clashes between the settlers and the aborigines pushed the aborigines even further into the mountains.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Following the cession of Taiwan to [[Japan]] at the end of the [[First Sino-Japanese War]], Japanese expeditions to the area found large quantities of [[Chamaecyparis|cypress]] (檜木, or hinoki in Japanese). This led to the development of the [[logging]] industry in the area and the export of local cypress and [[Taiwania]] wood. A series of [[narrow-gauge]] railways were built in the area during this time to facilitate the transportation of lumber from the mountains to the plains below, part of which continues to operate as the [[Alishan Forest Railway]]. Several new villages also began to sprout up along the railway lines. It was also during this time that the first tourists began to visit the area. Plans were even drawn up to incorporate the area into the new Niitaka (New Highest) Arisan National Park ([[:ja:新高阿里山国立公園|新高阿里山国立公園]]).{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

With the exhaustion of forest resources by the 1970s, domestic and international tourism overtook logging to become the primary economic activity in the area. The tourism industry continued to expand with the completion of the Alishan highway in the 1980s, displacing the railroad as the primary mode of transportation up the mountain. To combat the problems associated with the growing crowds of tourists and the expanding [[High-mountain tea|high mountain tea]] and [[wasabi]] plantations, the area was declared a national scenic area in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Alishan|url=https://sites.google.com/a/mail.clps.ntpc.edu.tw/1036100802/j-a-li-shan/a-li-shan-de-li-shi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014120443/https://sites.google.com/a/mail.clps.ntpc.edu.tw/1036100802/j-a-li-shan/a-li-shan-de-li-shi |archive-date=2020-10-14 }}</ref> The area covers the Alishan Forest Recreation Area and the Han Chinese villages of Ruili (瑞里), Fengshan (豐山), and Taihe (太和), as well as the [[Tsou people]] of Dabang (達邦), Shanmei (山美), and Chashan (茶山), and the administrative area spans four townships, including [[Meishan, Chiayi|Meishan]] Township, [[Zhuqi]] Township, [[Fanlu]] Township, and [[Alishan, Chiayi|Alishan]] Township.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travel King: Alishan National Scenic Area|url=https://www.travelking.com.tw/tourguide/scenery102642.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415230611/https://www.travelking.com.tw/tourguide/scenery102642.html |archive-date=2016-04-15 }}</ref>

On 1 December 2014, fire broke out at Alishan spreading over more than 5 hectares of land. The area affected was located near Tapang No. 3 Bridge. The fire was believed to happen due to dry ground which was vulnerable to fire because of the absence of rain in the area for months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201412010043.aspx|title=Fire breaks out on Alishan - Society - FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS|publisher=}}</ref>

== Tourists ==
In October 2014, The Chiayi Forestry Administration pointed out that the park's facilities have been improved to create an aesthetic forest atmosphere, and the Alishan Highway is relatively undamaged, which in turn has improved the quality of recreation, attracting more than 2.08 million visitors to Alishan this year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alishan tourists reach its peak|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/2585237|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628123243/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/2585237 |archive-date=2021-06-28 }}</ref>

In order to provide a more comfortable recreation experience for visitors, the Chiayi Forestry Administration has completed reconstructions such as the separation of pedestrian and vehicular roads, the improvement of facilities at the Visitor Service Center, and the constructions of the landscape around the Alishan sacred tree, etc. The successful project has a positive force for the peaking tourists numbers in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peaking tourists in Alishan in 2014|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/2585237|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628123243/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/2585237 |archive-date=2021-06-28 }}</ref>

Since August 2019, China has imposed a ban on the free flow of Chinese visitors and subsequently increased the number of tour groups, which has impacted the entire tourism industry in Taiwan. The number of visitors decreased by 49.8%, and the number of Chinese visitors also decreased from 1.76 million in 2014 to 420,000, a big drop of 76%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple News: drop of tourists in Alishan|url=https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20200126/U6IBPKL3X6N46C2PZAUGWSX7XU/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626165105/https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20200126/U6IBPKL3X6N46C2PZAUGWSX7XU/ |archive-date=2021-06-26 }}</ref> From 2017 to 2019, there will be 1,093,896, 952,418, and 900,1441 national visitors, 594,158, 428,884, and 419,712 Chinese tourists, and 60,292, 63,744, and 65,481 foreign visitors, respectively. The number of foreign visitors has increased by 8.6%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple News: decrease of number of tourists in Alishan|url=https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20200126/U6IBPKL3X6N46C2PZAUGWSX7XU/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626165105/https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20200126/U6IBPKL3X6N46C2PZAUGWSX7XU/ |archive-date=2021-06-26 }}</ref>

The Chiayi Forestry Administration Office stated that tourists numbers was affected by the [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid-19]] epidemic in 2020. There were only 99,7052 tourists, the lowest in 10 years, compared with the highest number of tourists which is 2.76 million in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lowest Tourists number in Alishan National Scenic Area|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202102190042.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219050710/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202102190042.aspx |archive-date=2021-02-19 }}</ref> Through the outbreak of Covid-19 in May 2021, Alishan National Scenic Area has announced it closure under the tier three Covid restriction.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table of Tourists In Ten Years<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chiayi Forest Cite|url=https://chiayi.forest.gov.tw/0000133|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626102306/https://chiayi.forest.gov.tw/0000133 |archive-date=2021-06-26 }}</ref>
!
!January
!February
!March
!April
!May
!June
!July
!August
!September
!October
!November
!December
!Total
|-
|2011
|78,543
|124,644
|191,304
|224,808
|83,187
|71,773
|78,022
|83,471
|70,801
|122,705
|149,394
|1,424,986
|1,424,986
|-
|2012
|134,498
|158,728
|371,005
|254,842
|183,801
|87,996
|180,708
|44,373
|111,837
|173,934
|191,068
|188,021
|2,080,811
|-
|2013
|150,852
|186,552
|298,672
|230,723
|140,853
|138,049
|146,244
|145,546
|134,402
|143,538
|172,775
|175,360
|2,063,566
|-
|2014
|170,203
|226,561
|388,798
|290,910
|202,715
|205,603
|212,549
|199,884
|176,049
|225,527
|232,939
|229,741
|2,761,479
|-
|2015
|227,846
|255,509
|301,224
|262,628
|215,738
|195,536
|219,009
|183,322
|166,287
|231,109
|237,990
|217,153
|2,713,351
|-
|2016
|204,430
|238,182
|329,911
|275,817
|200,809
|157,977
|184,713
|153,521
|82,872
|123,163
|137,756
|153,521
|2,242,672
|-
|2017
|149,995
|158,169
|246,902
|179,011
|117,732
|73,982
|126,419
|148,866
|99,700
|141,936
|140,424
|146,276
|1,748,346
|-
|2018
|104,508
|126,051
|221,875
|178,918
|102,682
|87,411
|105,540
|103,696
|75,589
|108,472
|103,912
|126,392
|1,445,046
|-
|2019
|99,088
|135,638
|247,897
|164,068
|84,378
|100,460
|122,968
|87,437
|66,650
|91,963
|93,447
|91,778
|1,386,634
|-
|2020
|76,019
|88,589
|123,528
|36,318
|28,431
|63,881
|107,941
|119,246
|78,911
|105,144
|82,706
|87,492
|868,852
|}

==Attractions and landmarks==
'''Fenqihu''' (奮起湖) is a small town of low wooden buildings built into the mountainside at 1,400 meters, midpoint of the [[Alishan Forest Railway]]. It is famous for natural rock formations, mountain streams, forests, and the ruins of a [[Shinto]] temple in the vicinity, as well as for its production of high altitude food products such as [[bamboo shoot]]s and [[aiyu jelly]] (愛玉). The local box lunches (奮起湖便當, ''Fenqihu'' [[bento]]) are known across Taiwan and are sold from stalls at the train station and from Fenqihu Hotel on the Fenqihu Old Street<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nickkembel.com/destinations/alishan-taiwan-sunrise.html|title=Alishan, Taiwan: Best Sunrise Spots, Hiking Trails and Tea Farms|website=www.nickkembel.com}}</ref> Fenqihu is currently the terminal end of the [[Alishan Forest Railway]] line from Chiayi to Alishan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nickkembel.com/destinations/how-to-get-to-alishan.html|title=How to get to Alishan (from anywhere in Taiwan)|website=www.nickkembel.com}}</ref> since the railway was heavily damaged by [[Typhoon Morakot]] in 2009 and only the Chiayi to Fenqihu portion was reopened in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ali-nsa.net/user/Article.aspx?Lang=2&SNo=04005405 |title = 阿里山國家風景區}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[National parks of Taiwan]]
* [[Alishan Range]]
* [[Alishan Forest Railway]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Taiwan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikivoyage|Alishan}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Alishan National Scenic Area}}
*[http://www.alishan.gov.tw/ Alishan Township Office]
*[http://www.ali-nsa.net// Alishan National Scenic Area Official Website ]

{{Authority control}}

<nowiki>[[Category:National scenic areas of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Geography of Chiayi County]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Chiayi County]]</nowiki>