Quelltext der Seite Benutzer:SteEis/Omotenashi

{{Importartikel}}

{{short description|Small spacecraft and semi-hard lander of the 6U CubeSat format}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = OMOTENASHI<br/>(Outstanding MOon exploration TEchnologies demonstrated by NAno Semi-Hard Impactor)<!--defaults to page title-->
| names_list            = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed. 
Include the dates applicable if possible, and separate each name with a linebreak. 
Omit if the spacecraft has only ever been known by one name. 
Do not include Harvard, COSPAR/NSSDC or SATCAT/NORAD/NASA designations as alternative names-->

<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->
| image                 = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| image_caption         = <!--image caption-->
| image_alt             = <!--image alt text-->
| image_size            = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px-->

<!--Basic details-->
| mission_type          = Technology, recoinnaissance<!--eg. Technology, Reconnaissance, ISS assembly, etc-->
| operator              = [[JAXA]] <!--organisation(s) that operate(d) the spacecraft-->
| COSPAR_ID             = <!--spacecraft launched since 1963 only (aka NSSDC ID; eg. 1998-067A)-->
| SATCAT                = <!--satellite catalogue number, omit leading zeroes (e.g. 25544)-->
| website               = {{url|http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/omotenashi/index.html}} <!--Homepage of the craft/mission, OFFICIAL PAGES ONLY-->
| mission_duration      = <!--How long the mission lasted-->
| distance_travelled    = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)-->

<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| spacecraft            = OMOTENASHI
| spacecraft_type       = 6U [[CubeSat]]
| manufacturer          = [[JAXA]]
| launch_mass           = {{convert|14|kg|abbr=on}} 
| landing_mass          = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| payload_mass          = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (eg. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions            = 10×20×30 cm <!--body dimensions and solar array span-->
| power                 = 30 [[Watt|W]] max.<ref name='Welcome2016'/><!--end-of-life power, in watts-->

<!--Launch details-->
| launch_date           = 2021<ref name=ARTIMISLAUNCH1>{{cite web|last1=Grush|first1=Loren|title=NASA administrator on the year ahead: "a lot of things have to go right"|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/22/21076815/nasa-administrator-jim-bridenstine-artemis-2020-commercial-crew|website=The Verge|accessdate=12 February 2020|language=en|date=22 January 2020}}</ref><!--{{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}}-->
| launch_rocket         = [[Space Launch System|SLS Block 1]] <!--Rocket that launched the satellite, include upper stage if distinct from rocket* and if possible flight/tail/serial number-->
| launch_site           = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|LC-39B]] 
| launch_contractor     = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (eg. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->

<!--end of mission-->
| disposal_type         = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| declared              = <!--when the operator/agency officially ended the mission-->
| deactivated           = <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| destroyed             = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact          = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| recovery_by           = <!--recovered by-->
| recovery_date         = <!--recovery date-->
| decay_date            = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed-->
| landing_date          = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site          = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->

|interplanetary         = <!--Infobox spaceflight/IP can be called multiple times for missions with multiple targets or combined orbiter/lander missions, etc-->
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = impactor <!--flyby/orbiter/impactor/atmospheric/lander/rover -delete as appropriate, MUST BE ONE OF THESE OPTIONS-->
   |object              = [[Moon]] 
   |orbits              = <!--number of orbits completed at target body (if applicable and known)-->
   |component           = orbiter and lander 
   |arrival_date        = <!--Flybys: date/time of closest approach; Orbiters; orbital insertion date; Impactors/Landers/Rovers: impact/landing date/time; Atmospheric probes: atmospheric entry time-->
   |location            = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
   |distance            = <!--closest approach distance for flybys, distance travelled on surface for rovers, omit for others-->
 }}

<!--transponder parameters-->
| trans_band            = [[X band]], [[S band]], [[P band]]<ref name='Hernando 2017'/><ref name='Welcome2016'/>
| trans_frequency       = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth       = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity        = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage        = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA            = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP            = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW            = <!--half-power beam width-->

<!--mission insignia or patch-->
| insignia              = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| insignia_caption      = <!--image caption-->
| insignia_alt          = <!--image alt text-->
| insignia_size         = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px-->
}}
'''OMOTENASHI''' ('''Outstanding MOon exploration TEchnologies demonstrated by NAno Semi-Hard Impactor''') is a small spacecraft and semi-hard lander of the 6U [[CubeSat]] format that will demonstrate low-cost technology to land and explore the lunar surface. The CubeSat will also take measurements of the radiation environment near the Moon as well as on the lunar surface. Omotenashi is a Japanese word for "welcome" or "hospitality".<ref name='Welcome2016'>[http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/omotenashi/img/OMOTENASHItoutline13.pdf OMOTENASHI] (PDF). 29 October 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/outreach/events/opencampus2017/leaflet/leaflet/7-1.pdf Go To MOON!! The World's Smallest Moon Lander: OMOTENASHI] (PDF) JAXA. 2017</ref>

OMOTENASHI will be one of thirteen CubeSats to be carried with the [[Artemis 1]] mission into a [[heliocentric orbit]] in [[cislunar space]] on the maiden flight of the [[Space Launch System]], scheduled to launch in 2021{{r|ARTIMISLAUNCH1}}

==Overview==

The OMOTENASHI mission will land the smallest lunar lander to date on the lunar surface to demonstrate the feasibility of the hardware for distributed synergistic exploration system with multi-point exploration. Once on the lunar surface, the OMOTENASHI lander will observe the radiation environment of the lunar surface. The OMOTENASHI orbiter and lander were designed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ([[JAXA]]). It is a 6-Unit [[CubeSat]] measuring 10×20×30 cm, and has a mass of {{convert|14|kg|abbr=on}}. The Principal investigator is Professor Tatsuaki Hashimoto from JAXA.<ref name='OMOTENASHI NEWS 2016'>[https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/international-partners-provide-cubesats-for-sls-maiden-flight International Partners Provide Science Satellites for America’s Space Launch System Maiden Flight]. Kathryn Hambleton, ''NASA News''. 26 May 2016.</ref>  The spacecraft features two deployable [[solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] and [[lithium ion batteries]]. After measuring the radiation environment as it approaches the Moon, OMOTENASHI's lander module will perform a semi-hard landing on the lunar surface.<ref>[https://www.coloradospacenews.com/international-partners-to-launch-cubesats-on-orion-exploration-mission-1/ International Partners To Launch CubeSats On Orion Exploration Mission-1]. ''Colaorado Space News''. 26 May 2016.</ref> 

==Payload==

The lander's scientific payload consist on a radiation monitor and an [[accelerometer]].<ref name='Welcome2016'/>

==Propulsion and landing==

OMOTENASHI uses a cold gas thruster to enter a lunar-impact orbit, and a solid rocket motor for the landing phase.<ref name='Hernando 2017'> [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3615&context=smallsat Trajectory Design for the JAXA Moon Nano-Lander OMOTENASHI] (PDF). Javier Hernando-Ayuso, et al. ''Small Satellite Conference'' 2017.</ref> The entry and landing phases will be informed by the use of an [[X band]] two-way Doppler.<ref name='Hernando 2017'/> The orbiting module will enter at a shallow flight-path angle of ≤7 degrees, and it will be ejected when the solid rocket burn begins the deceleration maneuvre.<ref name='Hernando 2017'/>  The rocket will be ignited with a laser.<ref name='Welcome2016'/><ref name='diagrams 2017'/> After the deceleration rocket burn that will last 15-20 seconds,<ref name='diagrams 2017'>[https://repository.exst.jaxa.jp/dspace/bitstream/a-is/609701/1/SA6000060027.pdf OMOTENASHI - Images] (PDF). JAXA. 2017.</ref> OMOTENASHI's lander will eject the retrorocket, experiencing a free-fall of about 100 m. Just before impact, the lander will deploy a single [[Airbag#Spacecraft airbag landing systems|airbag]] about 50 cm in diameter to minimize the impact,<ref name='diagrams 2017'/><ref name=airbag>[http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/omotenashi/service.html OMOTENASHI - Mission Sequence]. JAXA. 2017. </ref> estimated to be at 20 - 30 m/s.<ref name='Welcome2016'/><ref name='Hernando 2017'/>

{| class="wikitable "
|-
! Spacecraft<br/>components<ref name='diagrams 2017'/><ref name='Hernando 2017'/> !! Units/performance
|-
| Modules ||*Orbiting module<br/>*Retro motor Module<br/>*Surface probe
|-
| Surface probe|| 0.7 kg<ref name=airbag/><br/>Battery: 30 Wh<br/>Consumption: 15 W 
|-
| Orbiter || 7 kg<br/>(including cold gas system)
|-
| Propulsion ||*Solid motor: 6 kg (2500 m/s) -includes solid fuel<br/>*Cold gas jet: (N<sub>2</sub>, 20 m/s)
|}
{{clear}}

==See also==

;The 13 CubeSats flying on the [[Artemis 1]] mission:
*[[Lunar Flashlight]] will map exposed water ice on the Moon 
*[[Near-Earth Asteroid Scout]] by NASA is a [[solar sail]] spacecraft that will encounter a [[near-Earth asteroid]]
*[[BioSentinel]] is an [[astrobiology]] mission
*[[SkyFire (spacecraft)|SkyFire]] by [[Lockheed Martin]]
*[[Lunar IceCube]], by the [[Morehead State University]]
*[[CubeSat for Solar Particles]] (CuSP)
*[[Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper]] (LunaH-Map), designed by the Arizona State University
*[[EQUULEUS (spacecraft)|EQUULEUS]], submitted by [[JAXA]] and the [[University of Tokyo]]
*OMOTENASHI, submitted by JAXA
*[[ArgoMoon]], designed by [[Argotec]] and coordinated by [[Italian Space Agency]]
*[[Cislunar Explorers]], Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
*[[Earth Escape Explorer]] (CU-E<sup>3</sup>), University of Colorado Boulder
*[[Team Miles]], by Fluid and Reason LLC, Florida

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

*[http://news.mynavi.jp/column/jaxa_opencampus2017/002/ An OMOTENASHI page], in Japanese but it includes interesting images. 

{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Future spaceflights}}

[[:Kategorie:CubeSats]]
[[:Kategorie:Missions to the Moon]]
[[:Kategorie:Impactor spacecraft]]
[[:Kategorie:Japanese space probes]]
[[:Kategorie:2021 in spaceflight]]
[[:Kategorie:2021 in Japan]]
[[:Kategorie:Secondary payloads]]