Benutzer:Regiomontanus/Bearbeitete Artikel/Euparkerella
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| Griffiths, 1959 |
Euparkerella ist eine Gattung der Froschlurche aus der Familie Craugastoridae. Die Frösche leben endemisch in der Mata Atlântica im südöstlichen Brasilien.[1]
Merkmale
Die Euparkerella-Arten sind klein und rundlich, sie erreichen eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von höchstens 22 Millimetern. Die Arme sind dünn, die Finger sind äußerst reduziert, was besonders im Vergleich zu den größeren Verwandten aus derselben Familie auffällt. Sie sind schmal, spitz zulaufend und mit kleinen [2] Der Kopf ist schmaler als der Körper. The digits are extremely reduced, compared to those of their larger relatives. Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus are absent. Dorsum is finely granular. Venter is areolate.[3]
are terrestrial frogs characterized by their small and globular bodies with ventrolateral grooves, head narrower than body, masklike facial patterns, slender arms and short fingers, and narrow and pointed digital tips with small pads that lack circumferential grooves, and with plantar surfaces with large metatarsal tubercles (Izecksohn 1988). With respect to osteology, they are characterized by the absence of a dentigerous processes on vomers; nasals in contact with maxillae; frontoparietals fused with prootics; epicoracoids partially fused; Toe IV short, with two phalanges; and terminal phalanges with hooklike lateral process (Izecksohn 1988; Hedges et al. 2008).
The common name coined for them is Guanabara frogs. They are endemic to Atlantic coastal forests in the sourtheastern Brazilian states Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. The name Euparkerella honours H. W. Parker, a herpetologist who named the type species, with the Greek prefix eu meaning true and suffix ella, a diminutive form.[3] ==
Taxonomy
The phylogenetic position of Euparkerella is uncertain as they have not been included in any molecular phylogeny. On the basis of their morphological similarity to Holoaden, they are provisionally placed in subfamily Holoadeninae.[3] The AmphibiaWeb keeps Holoadeninae, and consequently Euparkerella, in Strabomantidae,[4] a family no longer recognized by the Amphibian Species of the World.
Euparkerella species are traditionally distinguished using morphological traits. However, these species do not align well with genetically distinct units, with the latter suggesting higher diversity than the former, especially within Euparkerella brasiliensis and Euparkerella cochranae. It remains unresolved whether the genetically distinct units qualify as different species.
Arten
The genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959) currently consists of four species that are endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil [1]. The type species of the genus,
- Euparkerella brasiliensis (Parker, 1926), was described from Serra dos Órgãos, state of Rio de Janeiro. Subsequently, three other species were described—
- Euparkerella cochranae Izecksohn, 1988 from Guapimirim, the head office of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos in municipality of Guapimirim, state of Rio de Janeiro (Bundesstaat)
- Euparkerella robusta Izecksohn, 1988
- Euparkerella tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988
- Euparkerella cryptica Hepp, Carvalho-e-Silva, Carvalho-e-Silva & Folly, 2015[5]
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ a b Darrel R. Frost: Euparkerella Griffiths 1959 In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, 1998–2015, abgerufen am 1. April 2016
- ↑ Luciana A. Fusinatto, João Alexandrino, Célio F. B. Haddad, Tuliana O. Brunes, Carlos F. D. Rocha, Fernando Sequeira: Cryptic Genetic Diversity is Paramount in Small-Bodied Amphibians of the Genus Euparkerella (Anura: Craugastoridae) Endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. PLoS ONE, 8, 11, e79504, November 2013 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079504
- ↑ a b c Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E., and Heinicke, M. P: New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. In: Zootaxa. 1737, 2008, S. 1–182.
- ↑ Strabomantidae. In: AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Abgerufen im 10 June 2015.
- ↑ Fábio Hepp, Sergio Potsch de Carvalho-e-Silva, Ana M. P. Telles de Carvalho-e-Silva, & Manuella Folly: A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae). Zootaxa, 3973, 2, S. 251–270, Juni 2015 doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.3
Literatur
- I. Griffiths: 1959. The phylogeny of Smithillus limbatus and that status of the Brachycephalidae (Amphibia, Salientia). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 132, S. 457–487, 1959
Weblinks
[[Kategorie:Craugastoridae]] [[Kategorie:Craugastoridae (Familie)]]
