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Gregorian Bivolaru also known as Magnus Aurolsson and nicknamed Grieg, Grig or, by the press, Guru (born 12 March 1952) is a spiritual teacher and the founder of the Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute (MISA).
In 2005, the Supreme Court of Sweden agreed to grant political refugee status to Bivolaru in response to his claims of persecution by Romanian authorities.[1]
On 14 June 2013, the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania definitively sentenced Gregorian Bivolaru to 6 years in prison, without suspension, for sexual acts with a minor (17 and 1/2 years old girl), D.M., who says she never had sexual relations with Gregorian Bivolaru, but she was forced to declare so after 10 hours of police investigation in absence of parents or lawyer. Furthermore he was acquitted for all the other charges against him (e.g. minor trafficking).[2]
Early life
Gregorian Bivolaru, born in Tărtăşeşti, Ilfov County, (now in Dâmboviţa County), Romania, completed high school in Bucharest and the media sustains that he joined the Bucharest Metro company as a plumber in 1971 even if the enterprise was created in 1975. He began practicing yoga at the age of 17.[3]
During the communist regime Gregorian Bivolaru was permanently kept under observation by the Department of State Security, because he was practicing and teaching yoga. He was jailed twice and forcefully hospitalized in a psychiatric ward (a solution adopted during the communist regime to get rid of undesirables because the communist ideology did not allow political prisoners). In 2012 two courts acknowledged that Gregorian Bivolaru was sentenced and jailed for political reasons during the communist regime ("the political nature of the convictions decided against the claimant by penal sentence no. 68/1977, penal sentence no. 960/1984 and of the claimant’s hospitalization ruled against him by penal sentence no. 616/1989").[4]
In 1977, he was framed on the charge of distributing pornographic materials and sentenced to one year in prison, but he did not complete it due to an amnesty granted for all minor convictions by the President of Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu.Vorlage:Ref On 17 April 1984, he was arrested for the conspiracy against Nicolae Ceauşescu.Vorlage:Ref After weeks of torture he escaped from the Securitate imprisonment. He was captured a few days afterwards, then tried only on the charges of escaping from prison and sentenced to 18 months in jail.
In 1989 he was arrested again, although charges were never made against him. The communist regime put him this time into the High Security Mental Hospital of Poiana Mare - a place used to “make lost” political dissidents - with the recommendation to be put under strong medication, together with prisoners with real mental diseases. We have to mention here that despite the risk of opposing a despotic order, Dr. Leonard Hriscu, refused to give him the respective medication considering the diagnosis to be made up (see doctor statement in the movie “Who is afraid of Gregorian Bivolaru?”).
MISA
In Romania, yoga was forbidden in 1982, in connection with the “Transcendental Meditation scandal”, whose victim Gregorian Bivolaru was also. Yoga was illegal in Romania until December 1989, the time of Romanian Revolution. After it, Gregorian Bivolaru founded the Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute (MISA). MISA has been founded as a non-profit association, by judicial decision on January 23, 1990, by the Court of Bucharest’s First District. It has a socio-professional, philosophical and educative character, aiming to increase the spiritual level of people by spreading the yoga knowledge and practices. MISA included lectures on related disciplines such as Kashmirian philosophy and Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine). The yoga courses were first held in Bucharest but quickly spread all over the country.
Gregorian Bivolaru was an honorary member of European Yoga Council until April 2008, when he was expelled from it and from all affiliated branches.
Shri Yogacharya Ajita, as President of the European Yoga Council of European Yoga Alliance and Honorary Secretary of the European Federation of Yoga for the European Union, announced the following to the International Yoga Federation : "My official resolution as president of the European Yoga Council of the European Yoga Alliance is that Mihai Stoian, Grieg Bivolaru and all people linked to the MISA/NATHA organization are immediately expelled from our organization and that we stop their membership, because it has been proven that they are not busy with Yoga in whatever form, that they even use Yoga as a cover for illegal practices, that they do not respect the rules and standards of our organization, that they show an unheard lack of moral integrity, and cannot be convinced to change their attitude."
According to The Times of India, MISA currently operates under different names in different countries. It is Natha in Denmark and Portugal, Tara in the US and Satya in India.[5]
Legal problems
Gregorian Bivolaru has been victim of two serious attempts on his life (in 1994 and 1995).[6]
Police abuses where recorded in 1997 by 2 major human rights organizations: APADOR-CH[7] and Amnesty International.[8]
On 18 March 2004 the authorities - prosecutors, police, gendarmes, secret services - started an unprecedented intimidation campaign documented by the APADOR-CH (the local branch for the International Helsinki Committee for Human Rights) [9] and reported by the IHF 2004 report.[10]
On 28 March 2004 Gregorian Bivolaru was detained for “attempt of fraudulent crossing of the border” at Nadlac Customs, under the conditions in which he was in the Customs building, had a perfectly valid passport on him and was not confined to the border. He was then taken to Bucharest. The Bucharest Court, had issued an arrest warrant for 29 days on the name of Gregorian Bivolaru, but under another accusation: an alleged sexual relations with a minor.
After two days of investigations, the Appeal Court from Bucharest disposed setting Gregorian Bivolaru free. Although the decision had been taken at 17.00, he was set free only at 23.00 same day, in the mean time he was moved by the gendarmes, wearing hand-cuffs, from The Appeal Court to the Court of Law of district no 5 then to Penal Investigations Department, then back to Court of Law of district no 5, all of these confusing the journalists, the public and his lawyers.
Another warrant of arrest was issued on 31 May 2004 against Mr. Bivolaru, who flees the country.
In 2005, he was charged with eight counts, including sex with a minor, tax evasion, and illegally crossing the border to escape prosecution.[11] In March 2005, Bivolaru asked for asylum in Sweden, claiming that he feared persecution in Romania. On April 4, 2005, the Swedish police of Malmö detained Bivolaru. The accusation of having sex with a minor was based on a declaration given by a 17 year-old girl who later retracted the accusation, saying it had been given under pressure. On April 15, the Romanian Police issued a second warrant in his name, in which he was accused of "human trafficking and other charges related to organized crime" (related to an allegedly sequestration of some persons in some ashrams and forcing them to work without being paid).[12]
The judicial campaign against MISA and Gregorian Bivolaru was synchronized with a huge media manipulation campaign [13][14]
On 21 October 2005, the Supreme Court of Sweden rejected the extradition request and set Bivolaru free.[15] The Supreme Court judges concluded that Bivolaru would not receive a fair trial in Romania. Anette Swedow, the chief prosecutor in the Gregorian Bivolaru case declared: "The final decision is that should Bivolaru be extradited in Romania, he runs the risk of being deported, persecuted and harassed, because of his religious businesses he applies within the yoga movement."[15]
The Supreme Court decision was based on the expertise of Skop research [16] and Karl Eryk Nylund, sect expert.[17]
This decision was relayed to the Romanian Ministry of Justice on 16 December 2005. In response, the Romanian Justice Minister, Monica Macovei, sent the general prosecutor a request to verify the manner in which the investigations in this case took place. The same request has been sent to the president of the Romanian Supreme Court, Dan Lupaşcu.
The decision of the Swedish Immigration Authority that Gregorian Bivolaru should be granted political asylum was made public on the last day of 2005.
Currently the case is under monitor by independent organizations who fight for reforms in the Romanian Justice, like "SoJust". The September 2006 alternative report in the Human Rights chapter shows:
- The prosecutor now investigates organized crime and human traffic cases concerning some of the MISA members. One has instituted the measure of “insuring arrestment” on 70 buildings for covering the damages that they claimed. Officially, one has noted that, under the cover of courses for initiation in the yoga practices, the investigated persons attracted, manipulated and exploited the participants (of whom many were minor) to their own personal interest, thus endangering their psychic development. Nevertheless, from the contradictory data published by the media, there are only 8 victims. Some of the investigated persons were sent to trial. A completely unusual thing for Romania, the entire indictment was made public by the penal prosecution body, which among violating the rights to an equitable trial and the protection of the investigated persons’ private life, may be yet another element for the manipulation of public opinion.
- With all the internal investigations performed by the CSM or the judiciary ones performed as a consequence to the filed complaints, the presumptive negative aspects concerning the actual development of the investigation were not cleared up. From the 55 penal complaints that were filed in May 2004, only 9 were retained in view of solving at the Prosecutor’s Office, and those for a single offence. The rest got a non-prosecution resolution, without even questioning the victims; at present, this resolution is appealed at the Supreme Court.[..]
- The inefficiency of the internal investigations concerning the claimed abuses is all the more serious as Bivolaru got the asylum and then the refugee status in a foreign country. From this viewpoint, the competence or the bona fide of the Romanian bodies is seriously questioned.[18]
The lawyers of Gregorian Bivolaru filed two applications to the European Court for Human Rights. The applications cover the violations that occurred while issuing the two arrest warrants.
On January 18, 2011, Bivolaru's trial was, for the tenth time, postponed again until March 23, 2011, marking his case as one of the oldest in the Cluj court.[11][19] This trial for human trafficking is still pending, but the unconstitutionality exceptions invoked by the suspects were already rejected.[20]
The solution in another trial, held at the Sibiu court, was that the charges were dropped, partly due to lack of evidence for some charges (the prosecutors refused to show authorization for performing the taps, considering it a state secret, so evidence was dropped)[21] and partly due to exceeding the statute of limitations corresponding to the charges.[22]
Bivolaru has requested damages from the Romanian state for being sentenced to mandatory psychiatric treatment during the Communist regime.[23]
Conviction
On 14 June 2013, the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania definitively sentenced Gregorian Bivolaru to 6 years in prison, without suspension, for sexual acts with a minor (17 and 1/2 years old girl), D.M., who says she never had sexual relations with Gregorian Bivolaru, but she was forced to declare so after 10 hours of police investigation in absence of parents or lawyer. Furthermore he was acquitted for all the other charges against him (e.g. minor trafficking).[2] Also on the same day, Court Judge Ionuț Matei has received a letter threatening him and his family of consequences. To announce this he organized a press conference before the final court session . [24] He is now wanted to serve the 6 year sentence by the Romanian Police. [25]
Notes
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 16 April 2005, "Guru Bivolaru are mandat pentru crima organizata" (Evenimentul Zilei) - see also: "Court admits political persecution"
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 5 April 2005, "Gregorian Bivolaru a fost arestat in Suedia" (Ştiri România On-Line)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 6 April 2005, "Cum a trecut Guru granita?" (Evenimentul Zilei)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 21 April 2005, "Guru Bivolaru a iesit ilegal din Romania" (Evenimentul Zilei)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 27 March 2004, "A evadat in '84 din arestul Securitatii" (Jurnalul Naţional)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon "DECIZIA Nr.211 din 1 noiembrie 2000" (Legile Romaniei)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 1 April 2005, "Gabriel Bivolaru si Gregorian Bivolaru sunt frati" (stiri.kappa.ro)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 21 October 2005, "Guru mediteaza in libertate" (Evenimentul Zilei)
- Vorlage:Note 23 October 2005, "Gregorian Bivolaru became a free man as per the ruling issued by the Swedish Supreme Court of Justice" (Evenimentul Zilei)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 17 December 2005, "Macovei cere verificarea cazului Gregorian Bivolaru" (Evenimentul Zilei)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 3 January 2006, "Suedia îi acordă azil politic lui Gregorian Bivolaru" (BBC Romanian)
- Vorlage:Note Vorlage:Ro icon 8 February 2006, "Doua condamnari pentru orgii sexuale" (România Liberă)
==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=ramarun>{{cite web|date=2011-06-03|last=Ram|first=Arun|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/pdatoi/articleshow/8702536.cms|title=European cult that mixes yoga with sex sets up base in Tamil Nadu|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
<ref name="Kuchler">{{cite web|last=Kuchler|first=Teresa|title=Sweden grants asylum to citizen from EU candidate Romania|url=http://euobserver.com/22/20661|work=EU Observer}}</ref>
<ref name="Bivolaru Guru">{{cite web|url=http://www.9am.ro/stiri-revista-presei/Social/8928/Guru-Bivolaru-are-mandat-pentru-crima-organizata.html|title=Guru Bivolaru are mandat pentru crima organizata|date=2005-04-16|publisher=9 am News|accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref>
<ref name=Jurnalul1>{{cite web|last=Alexandru|first=Ion|title=A evadat in din arestul Securitatii|url=http://www.jurnalul.ro/special/special/a-evadat-in-a-84-din-arestul-securitatii-70890.html|publisher=Jurnalul|accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref>
<ref name=SupremeCourt>{{cite web|title=The Decision of The Supreme Court of Justice in Stockholm|url=http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/docs/asylum/Decision_Supreme_Court_Sweden_21_Oct_05.pdf|work=Official Translation|publisher=The Supreme Court of Justice (Stockholm, Sweden)|accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Revoiu">{{cite web|last=Ravoiu|first=Tudor|title=Bivolaru, o "fantoma" in Tribunalul Cluj|url=http://www.citynews.ro/cluj/eveniment-29/bivolaru-o-fantoma-in-tibunalul-cluj-106405/|publisher=CityNews.ro|accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref>
<ref name=ROM1>{{cite web|last=Ionita|first=Raluca|title=Amanare din lipsa de procedura in dosarul liderului MISA, Gregorian Bivolaru|url=http://stiri.rol.ro/Amanare-din-lipsa-de-procedura-in-dosarul-liderului-MISA-Gregorian-Bivolaru-94276.html|publisher=Romania Online|accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref>
<ref name=apador2004>{{cite web|last=APADOR|title=APADOR-CH Annual Report 2004|url=http://www.apador.org/en/rapoarte/rap2004e.htm|publisher=APADOR-CH Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=apador1997>{{cite web|last=APADOR|title=APADOR-CH Annual Report 1997|url=http://www.apador.org/en/rapoarte/1997e.htm|publisher=APADOR-CH Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=osce2004>{{cite web|last=IHF|title=Human Rights in the OSCE Region: Romania Report 2005 (Events of 2004)|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=search&docid=4694f8420&skip=0&query=romania%202005|publisher=IHF Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=amnesty1997>{{cite web|last=Amnesty International|title=CONCERNS IN EUROPE Amnesty International - January - June 1997|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR01/006/1997/ru/2fdb26c8-e9fa-11dd-b775-61dacc4d5ee4/eur010061997en.html|publisher=Amnesty International Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=threats>{{cite web|last=gregorianbivolaru.net|title=Life threats against Mr. Gregorian Bivolaru|url=http://www.gregorianbivolaru.net/abuses-7.php|publisher=Gregorian Bivolaru Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=sojust>{{cite web|last=SOJUST|title=SOJUST - Independent Report on the Justice System in Romania - Cap. V. HUMAN RIGHTS IN ROMANIA|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070801182012/http://www.sojust.ro/sistemul-juridic-din-romania-raport-independent/5-human-rights.html|publisher=SOJUST Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<ref name=politicalpersec>{{cite web|last=Bucharest Tribunal|title=File no 48765/3/2010 solution: Gregorian Bivolaru was sentenced and jailed for political reasons during the communist regime|url=http://www.tmb.ro/index.php/dosare_ecris?id_dosar=300000000356228|publisher=TMB Website|accessdate=2013-05-18}}</ref>
<!--
<ref name=ussd2006> {{cite web|last=U.S. State Department|title= U.S. State Department’s 2006 International Religious Freedom Report - Romania |url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71402.htm|publisher=U.S. State Department|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>-->
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<ref name=officials> {{cite web|last=GregorianBivolaru.net|title=Public instigations to persecution by High Officials against Gregorian Bivolaru and Yoga practitioners|url=http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/abuses-4.php|publisher=GregorianBivolaru.net|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>-->
<ref name=massmedia>{{cite web|last=GregorianBivolaru.net|title=Mass media campaign against Gregorian Bivolaru and MISA, 1990 - 2004|url=http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/media-1.php|publisher=GregorianBivolaru.net|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>
<ref name=massmedia2004>{{cite web|last=GregorianBivolaru.net|title=Mass media campaign against Gregorian Bivolaru and MISA starting with 18 March 2004|url=http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/media-2.php|publisher=GregorianBivolaru.net|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>
<!--
<ref name="international media"> {{cite web|last=GregorianBivolaru.net|title=Articles regarding the Gregorian Bivolaru case in the international media|url=http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/media-3.php|publisher=GregorianBivolaru.net|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>-->
<ref name=karl>{{cite web|last=GregorianBivolaru.net|title=Swedish expert, Karl Erik Nylund’s report on MISA and Gregorian Bivolaru|url= http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/sweden-3-2.php|publisher=GregorianBivolaru.net|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>
<ref name=skop>{{cite web|last=GregorianBivolaru.net|title=The Report on MISA and NATHA of the Swedish Sociologists from Skop-Research|url= http://www.gregorianbivolaru.com/sweden-3-3.php|publisher=GregorianBivolaru.net|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>
<ref name=HRWF>{{cite web|last=Soteria International|title=HRWF calls European Commission to check upon the legality of Gregorian Bivolaru's conviction by Romanian Court|url=http://soteriainternational.org/en/misa-case/197-human-rights-without-frontiers-about-gregorian-bivolaru-conviction-20130617.html|publisher=HRWF|accessdate=2013-06-19}}</ref>
}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=38067592}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Bivolaru, Gregorian
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Romanian spiritual teacher
| DATE OF BIRTH = 12 March 1952
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bivolaru, Gregorian}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:People from Dâmboviţa County]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Yogis]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Sweden]]
[[Category:Romanian expatriates in Sweden]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Romanian people convicted of child sexual abuse]]
- ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen Kuchler. - ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen HRWF. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen Jurnalul1. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen politicalpersec. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen ramarun. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen threats. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen apador1997. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen amnesty1997. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen apador2004. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen osce2004. - ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen ROM1. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen Bivolaru Guru. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen massmedia2004. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen massmedia. - ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen SupremeCourt. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen skop. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen karl. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen sojust. - ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen Revoiu. - ↑ http://portal.just.ro/InstantaDosar.aspx?idInstitutie=117&d=MTE3MDAwMDAwMDAwMzU1OTU*
- ↑ Voichița Rășcanu INCOMPETENTA SAU ARANJAMENT? Grig Bivolaru a fost achitat la Sibiu si Alba-Iulia pentru ca procurorii au refuzat sa depuna la dosar mandatele de autorizare a interceptarilor, pe motiv ca sunt “secrete de stat”. Procurorii nu au probat nicio infractiune! Lumea Justiției, 6 iulie 2011.
- ↑ http://portal.just.ro/InstantaDosar.aspx?idInstitutie=85&d=ODUwMDAwMDAwMDAwNjY0Mg**
- ↑ http://www.romaniapress.ro/actualitate/2439-liderul-misa-gregorian-bivolaru-cere-despgubiri-statului-roman.html
- ↑ Judecătorul Ionuţ Matei, de la instanţa supremă, ameninţat înaintea procesului lui Gregorian Bivolaru. Digi 24. 14. Juni 2013.
- ↑ Bivolaru Gregorian: Wanted Persons. In: Romanian Police Website . Abgerufen im http://www.politiaromana.ro/urmariti/detalii.aspx?id=20857.
