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Vorlage:For Vorlage:Italic title
Festina lente or
(speûde bradéōs) is a classical adage and oxymoron meaning "make haste slowly" (sometimes rendered in English as "more haste, less speed"[1]). It has been adopted as a motto numerous times, particularly by the emperors Augustus and Titus, the Medicis and the Onslows. The original form of the saying,
, is Classical Greek, of which festina lente is the Latin translation. The words
and festina are second-person-singular imperatives, meaning "make haste", while
and lente are adverbs, meaning "slowly".
History
The Roman historian Suetonius, in De vita Caesarum, tells that Augustus deplored rashness in a military commander, thus "
" was one of his favourite sayings:[1][2]
Certain gold coins minted for Augustus bore images of a crab and a butterfly[3] to attempt an emblem for the adage.[4] Other such visualizations include a hare in a snail shell; a chameleon with a fish; a diamond ring entwined with foliage; and perhaps most recognizably, a dolphin entwined around an anchor.[5][6] Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany took festina lente as his motto and illustrated it with a sail-backed tortoise.[7]
The Renaissance printer Aldus Manutius adopted the symbol of the dolphin and anchor as his printer's mark. Erasmus (whose books were published by Manutius) featured the phrase in his Adagia and used it to compliment his printer: "Aldus, making haste slowly, has acquired as much gold as he has reputation, and richly deserves both." Manutius showed Erasmus a Roman silver coin, given to him by Cardinal Bembo, which bore the dolphin-and-anchor symbol on the reverse side.[8][9]
The adage was popular in the Renaissance era and Shakespeare alluded to it repeatedly. In Love's Labour's Lost, he copied the crab and butterfly imagery with the characters Moth and Armado.[10]
The French poet and critic Nicolas Boileau, in his Art poétique (The Art of Poetry) (1674) applied the dictum specifically to the work of the writer, whom he advised in those words: Vorlage:Quote
Jean de la Fontaine alluded to the motto in his famous fable of "The Hare and the Tortoise" (Fables, 1668–94), writing that the tortoise "with a prudent wisdom hastens slowly".[11]
The Onslow family of Shropshire has the adage as its motto, generating a pun upon the family name: "on-slow".[12]
Meaning
The constructive intent of the phrase is that activities should be performed with a proper balance of urgency and diligence. If tasks are overly rushed, mistakes are made and good long-term results are not achieved.
Allusions
In physics, the name "Festina Lente Limit" has been applied to the Strong Confinement Limit, which is a mode of an atom laser in which the frequency of emission of the Bose–Einstein condensate is less than the confinement frequency of the trap.[13]
Goethe refers to both the proverb and Augustus' adoption of it in his poem Hermann und Dorothea (helpfully for poetry, the German rendition itself rhymes - "Eile mit Weile"):[14] Vorlage:Quote
The novel Mr. Penumbra's 24-Hour Bookstore by Robin Sloan involves a secret society devoted to Aldus Manutius, whose members use "Festina lente" as a motto/greeting.
Shakespeare alludes to this in The Tragedy of Macbeth, Act 1 Scene 7 "If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well It were done quickly".
W S Gilbert uses the phrase via the Lord Chancellor toward the end of Act 1 of Iolanthe "Recollect yourself I pray, and be careful what you ... As the ancient Romans said festina lente"
See also
- The Tortoise and the Hare
- Festina lente (bridge), a pedestrian bridge in Sarajevo
References
Kategorie:Adages Kategorie:Latin philosophical phrases
- ↑ a b Suetonius, John Carew Wolfe ((Please provide a date))“Lives of the Caesars”, in Suetonius[1], volume 1, ISBN 978-0-674-99570-3
- ↑ C. Suetonius Tranquillus, translated by Alexander Thomson: THE LIVES OF THE TWELVE CAESARS. Project Gutenberg. Abgerufen im 3 February 2015.
- ↑ W. Deonna (1954), “The Crab and the Butterfly: A Study in Animal Symbolism”, in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, volume 17, The Warburg Institute, JSTOR 750132, pages 47–86
- ↑ Gabriele Simeoni (1559) Le Imprese Heroiche et Morali[2], ISBN 978-1-149-36798-8
- ↑ Gary M. Bouchard (2000), “Colin Clout's "Stayed Steps"”, in Colin's campus: Cambridge life and the English eclogue[3], ISBN 978-1-57591-044-4
- ↑ Aleta Alekbarova (20 June 2010), “M. Durmius’ Aureus”, in L'Age d'Or de la Poésie latine[4]
- ↑ Hope B. Werness (2006), “Turtle”, in The Continuum encyclopedia of animal symbolism in art[5], ISBN 978-0-8264-1913-2
- ↑ Desiderius Erasmus, William Watson Barker (2001) The adages of Erasmus[6], University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-4874-9
- ↑ “Some rare or unpublished Roman gold coins”, in The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society[7], volume 7-8, Royal Numismatic Society, (Please provide a date or year), page 225
- ↑ John McMichaels ((Please provide a date))“Allegories of Rhetoric and Dialectic in Shakespeare's Plays”, in Allegoria Paranoia[8]
- ↑ Jean de la Fontaine, The Fables of La Fontaine, trans. Elizur Wright Jr., London: William Smith, 1842, p. 36.
- ↑ Mark Antony Lower (1860), “Onslow”, in Patronymica Britannica[9]
- ↑ Filip Floegel (2003) Optical Loading of a Bose–Einstein Condensate[10]
- ↑ Scottish notes and queries[11], D. Wyllie and son, 1895, page 104
