Benutzer:Shi Annan/Serra de Pacaraima
 Dieser Artikel (Serra de Pacaraima) ist im Entstehen begriffen und noch nicht Bestandteil der freien Enzyklopädie Wikipedia.
| |
Wenn du dies liest:
|
Wenn du diesen Artikel überarbeitest:
|
| Serra de Pacaraima | ||
|---|---|---|
| Lage | Guyana, Brasilien | |
| ||
| Koordinaten | 5° 0′ N, 61° 0′ W region-Parameter fehlt | |
| Gestein | Kristallin | |
Die Serra de Pacaraima (Pacaraima Pakaraima Mountains (spanisch Sierra de Pacaraima) are a mountain range primarily in southwestern Guyana, and into northern Brazil and eastern Venezuela.
Geographie
The range extends from west to east for over 800|km. Its highest peak is Mount Roraima at 2810|m above sea level, a tepui surrounded by cliffs 300|m high.
It is geologically part of the Guayana Shield and biogeographically part of the Guayana Highlands.The mountains form the divide between the Orinoco Valley to the north and the Amazon Basin to the south. They also serve as a natural boundary in the east–west direction, where they extend 800|km to form a border marker between Brazil and southeastern Venezuela and between Brazil and west central Guyana.[1]
Geologie
The Pacaraimas are a sandstone plateau underlain by a horizonal precambrian marine strata that arose in post-cretaceous time.[2] Erosion of the sandstone (the Roraima Supergroup[3]) results in dramatic escarpments, the individual remnants of which are called tepuis. Mount Roraima, Mount Ayanganna and Mount Wokomung are some of the more well-known examples.[4]
Numerous rivers originate in these mountains and on their way down they plunge spectacularly to form some picturesque waterfalls. A beautiful example of this is the Kaieteur Falls in Guyana and Angel Falls. The headwaters of the Mazaruni River and Ireng River are sourced in the Pacaraimas.[5]
Ökologie
The Pacaraimas are mostly forested, with occasional savannas especially at the base of Roraima and on the Brazilian side of the range. The savannas are made up of grasses and the occasional Curatella americana trees below 6500 ft. These areas are prone to fire, either man-made for agriculture or cattle ranching or during times of drought.[5]
Difficulty in breaching the steep slopes has made data collection a challenge, however the relative isolation of these flat-topped mountains produces an array of endemic flora with a "great potential for high species diversity".[4] The Rapateaceae family is one of the most commonly represented of flowering plants amid the tepui plateaus.[6]
Schutz
Logging and mining interests pose a threat to the biodiversity of the Pacaraimas.[7]
The 116748|ha Monte Roraima National Park protects part of the range in Roraima, Brazil.[8]
Settlement
The mountains are a traditional home to Patamona[9] and Macushi[10] people.
The Macushi village of Tipuru is considered the oldest village in the South Pakaraima Mountains. It has the oldest church and school in the region.
Landmarks are of special significance to indigenous people, and are intertwined with oral histories and culture. According to Macushi cosmology, mountains and other landforms were created by mythical creator brothers when they cut down Wayaka, the "tree of life". These brothers transformed people, animals, and other things into rock formations, thus giving them special mythological origins.[10]
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ Pacaraima Mountains|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/437444/Pacaraima-Mountains%7Cpublisher=Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Ollier|first1=Cliff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zR8n3gDQpQQC&q=pakaraima&pg=PA22%7Ctitle=The Origin of Mountains|last2=Ollier|first2=Clifford David|last3=Pain|first3=C. F.|date=2000|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-19890-5|pages=21
- ↑ Reis|first1=Nelson Joaquim|last2=Nadeau|first2=Serge|last3=Fraga|first3=Leda Maria|last4=Betiollo|first4=Leandro Menezes|last5=Faraco|first5=Maria Telma Lins|last6=Reece|first6=Jimmy|last7=Lachhman|first7=Deokumar|last8=Ault|first8=Randy|last9=Reis|first9=Nelson Joaquim|last10=Nadeau|first10=Serge|last11=Fraga|first11=Leda Maria|date=January 2017|title=Stratigraphy of the Roraima Supergroup along the Brazil-Guyana border in the Guiana shield, Northern Amazonian Craton - results of the Brazil-Guyana Geology and Geodiversity Mapping Project|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2317-48892017000100043&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en%7Cjournal=Brazilian Journal of Geology|language=en|volume=47|issue=1|pages=43–57|doi=10.1590/2317-4889201720160139|issn=2317-4889
- ↑ a b Funk|first1=V. A.|last2=Richardson|first2=K. S.|date=2002-03-01|title=Systematic Data in Biodiversity Studies: Use It or Lose It|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/51/2/303/1661489%7Cjournal=Systematic Biology|language=en|volume=51|issue=2|pages=303–316|doi=10.1080/10635150252899789|pmid=12028734|issn=1063-5157
- ↑ a b Myers|first=J. G.|date=1936|title=Savannah and Forest Vegetation of the Interior Guiana Plateau|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2256273%7Cjournal=Journal of Ecology|volume=24|issue=1|pages=172–182|doi=10.2307/2256273|jstor=2256273|issn=0022-0477
- ↑ De Granville|first=Jean-Jacques|date=1991|title=Remarks on the Montane Flora and Vegetation Types of the Guianas|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3996609%7Cjournal=Willdenowia%7Cvolume=21%7Cissue=1/2%7Cpages=201–205%7Cjstor=3996609%7Cissn=0511-9618
- ↑ Thurn|first1=Sir Everard Ferdinand Im|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qh7rfqMRyogC&q=pakaraima&pg=PA37%7Ctitle=Timehri: The Journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana|last2=Quelch|first2=John Joseph|last3=Rodway|first3=James|date=1889|publisher=J. Thomson
- ↑ Unidade de Conservação: Parque Nacional do Monte Roraima[1] (in pt), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, (Please provide a date or year)
- ↑ HENKEL|first1=TERRY W.|last2=AIME|first2=M. CATHERINE|last3=CHIN|first3=MIMI|last4=ANDREW|first4=CHRISTOPHER|date=August 2004|title=Edible mushrooms from Guyana|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269915x04003027%7Cjournal=Mycologist%7Cvolume=18%7Cissue=3%7Cpages=104–111%7Cdoi=10.1017/s0269915x04003027%7Cissn=0269-915X}}
- ↑ a b Grund|first=Lisa Katharina|date=2016-07-01|title=The tales and trails of a tuwama: Makushi perceptions of land use and disputes over resources in the South Pakaraima Mountains, Guyana|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X16300016%7Cjournal=The Extractive Industries and Society|language=en|volume=3|issue=3|pages=669–675|doi=10.1016/j.exis.2016.01.001|issn=2214-790X}}
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Brazil]] [[Category:Mountain ranges of Guyana]] [[Category:Mountain ranges of Venezuela]] [[Category:Guayana Highlands]] [[Category:Mountains of Bolívar (state)]] [[Category:Landforms of Roraima]] [[Category:Brazil–Guyana border]] [[Category:Brazil–Venezuela border]] [[Category:Guyana–Venezuela border]]
