Benutzer:Yarin Kaul/Belz (Ukraine)
Belz (ukrainisch Белз, polnisch Bełz, jidisch בעלז) ist eine kleine Stadt in der Oblast Lemberg im Westen der Ukraine, nahe der polnischen Grenze. Belz hat geschätzte 2.408 Einwohner (Stand 2004).
Geschichte
Die Stadt existiert spätestens seit dem 10. Jahrhundert, ursprünglich als eine Festung unter böhmischer und polnischer Regierung.
Von 981 bis 1018 und von 1030 bis 1366 war Belz Teil der Kiewer Rus, eines Herrscherverbandes und Vorläuferstaates der heutigen Staaten Russland, Ukraine und Weißrussland. In der kurzen Zeit von 1018 bis 1030
History
The town has existed since at least the 10th century, as one of the Red Towns (Ruthenian) strongholds under Bohemian and Polish rule.
From 981 Belz was a part of Rus'-Ukraine (Duchy of Kiev, Duchy of Halych), except 1018-1030 when it belonged to Poland. In 1366 it became a permanent part of the Kingdom of Poland, until the First Partition of Poland in 1772. It then passed to the Austrian Empire, later the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where it was a part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.
The Jewish (Ashkenazi) Kahal (hebr. קהלה kehilla) in Belz was established in the Late Middle Ages (ca. 14th c.). In 1665 Jews in Belz got equal rights and duties. The town became home to a Hasidic dynasty of Belz in the early 19th century. Shalom Rokeach of Belz (1779 - 1855), also known as the Sar Shalom, was the first Belzer Rebbe from 1817 to 1855. At the beginning of World War I, Belz counted 6,100 inhabitants, including 3,600 Jews, 1,600 Ukrainians, and 900 Poles. [1]
With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following World War I in November 1918, Belz was included in the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, but came under Polish control in 1919, which was confirmed in the Poland–Ukrainian People's Republic agreement in April 1920. From 1919 to 1939 Belz belonged to Poland. Then from 1939 to 1944 it was occupied by Germany as a part of the General Government. Belz is situated on left, north waterside of the Solokiya river (affluent of the Bug river), which was German-Soviet border in 1939-1941. After the war it reverted to Poland until 1951 when, after a minor border readjustment, it passed to the Soviet Union (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic). Since 1991 it has been part of independent Ukraine. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_I
Cultural trivia
The Yiddish song “Beltz, Mayn Shtetele” is a moving evocation of a happy childhood spent in a shtetl which bears similarly sounding name in Yiddish (belts), called Bălţi in Moldovan/Romanian, and is located in Bessarabia (presently the Moldova Republic)
Belz is also a very important place for Ukrainian Catholics and Polish Catholics as a place where the Black Madonna of Częstochowa is believed to have resided for several centuries until 1382, when Władysław Opolczyk, prince of Opplen, had taken the icon.[2].
People
- Vsevolod Mstislavich of Volhynia, knyaz of Belz (1170-1196)
- Jurij Narymuntowicz, Lithuanian, prince of Belz (ca.1326-ca.1377)
- Jaśko Mazowita, prefect of Belz (14th-15th centuries)
- Jan Kamieniecki (1463-1513), starost of Belz
- Jan Zamoyski (1542-1605), starost of Belz
- Yoel Sirkis (1561-1640), great Rabbi, one of Achronim
- Rafał Leszczyński (1579-1636), voivode of Belz
- Jakub Sobieski (1580-1646), voivode of Belz
- Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki (1753-1805), starost of Belz
- Shalom Rokeach (1779-1855), first Rebbe of Belz
- Yehoshua Rokeach (1825-1894), second Rebbe of Belz
- Yissachar Dov Rokeach (I) (1854-1926), third Rebbe of Belz
- Aharon Rokeach (1877-1957), fourth Rebbe of Belz
- Nissan Spivak (1824-1906), cantor [3]
See also
- ↑ Dr Mieczysław Orłowicz. Ilustrowany Przewodnik po Galicyi. Lwów 1919
- ↑ http://www.ukraine-observer.com/articles/217/814
- ↑ http://www.bh.org.il/Names/POW/Spivak.asp
Vorlage:Lviv Oblast Vorlage:Coor title dm. [[Kategorie:Cities in Ukraine]] [[Kategorie:Belz Hasidism]] [[Kategorie:Shtetls]] [[Kategorie:Polish historical regions]] [[Kategorie:Ukrainian historical regions]] [[Kategorie:Lviv Oblast]]
