Die folgenden Tabellen listen einige der vielen indogermanischen Wörtern und Wortwurzeln mit Entsprechungen (oder Wortgleichungen) in den wichtigsten Sprachzweigen der indogermanischen Sprachfamilie auf.
Personen
|
idg.
|
heth.
|
skr.
|
av.
|
gr.
|
lat.
|
toch. (B)
|
got.
|
anord.
|
ahd.
|
ae.
|
ne.
|
nhd.
|
air.
|
kymr.
|
lit.
|
akslav.
|
arm.
|
alb.
|
Person |
*dʰǵʰemon- |
|
|
|
|
homō |
śaumo |
guma ‘man’ |
gumi |
gomo |
guma |
(bride)groom |
(Bräuti)gam |
duine |
dyn |
žmuõ |
|
|
|
Mann |
*H₂ner- |
|
nár- |
nar- |
ἀνήρ (anḗr) |
Nerō (Männername) |
|
|
Njǫrðr (Göttername) |
|
|
|
|
nerth |
nêr ‘Held’ |
nóras „Wille“[1] |
|
ayr |
njeri „Mensch“
|
Mann |
*wiH-ro- |
|
vīrá- |
vīra- |
|
vir |
wir ‘jung’ |
waír |
verr |
wer |
wer |
|
|
fer |
gwr |
výras |
|
|
|
Frau |
*gʷén-eH₂- |
*kuwanz |
jániḥ, jánī |
gǝnā, γnā, ǰaini- |
γυνή (gynḗ) |
|
śana |
qēns ~ qinō |
kvæn ~ kona |
quena |
cwēn ~ cwene |
quean ~ queen |
Queen |
ben |
benyw ‘weiblich’ |
žmoná |
žena |
kin |
|
Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen
|
idg. |
heth. |
skr. |
av. |
gr. |
lat. |
toch. (B) |
got. |
anord. |
ahd. |
ae. |
ne. |
nhd. |
air. |
kymr. |
lit. |
akslav. |
arm. |
alb.
|
Mutter |
*meH₂tér- |
|
mātár- |
mātar- |
μήτηρ (mḗtēr) |
māter |
mācer |
|
móðir |
muoter |
mōdor |
mother |
Mutter |
máthir |
modryb ‚Tante‘ |
mótina; (motė "Frau") |
mati |
mayr |
motër ‚Schwester‘, motra
|
Vater |
*pH₂tér- |
|
pitár- |
pitar- |
πατήρ (patḗr) |
pater |
pācer |
fadar |
faðir |
fater |
fæder |
father |
Vater |
athir |
edryd ‚Abstammung‘ |
|
|
hayr |
|
Bruder |
*bhréH₂ter- |
|
bhrā́tar- |
brātar |
φράτηρ (phráter) |
frāter |
procer |
brōþar |
bróðir |
bruoder |
brōþor |
brother |
Bruder |
bráth(a)ir |
brawd |
brõlis |
bratrŭ |
ełbayr |
|
Schwester |
*swésor |
|
svásar- |
x ̌aŋhar- |
|
soror |
ṣer |
swistar |
systir |
swester |
sweostor |
sister |
Schwester |
siur |
chwaer |
sesuõ |
sestra |
kʿoyr |
vajzë ‚Mädchen‘
|
Tochter |
*dhugH₂-tér- |
túwatara |
duhitár- |
dugədar- |
θυγάτηρ (thygátēr ) |
futír (Oskisch) |
tkācer |
daúhtar |
dóttir |
tohter |
dohtor |
daughter |
Tochter |
|
duxtir (Gallisch) |
duktė, dukrà |
dŭšter- |
dowstr |
|
Sohn |
*suH-nú-, *suH-ju |
|
sūnú- |
hūnuš |
υἱός (hyiós) |
|
soyä |
sunus |
sunr |
sunu |
sunu |
son |
Sohn |
suth ‚Nachwuchs‘ |
hogyn ‚Knabe‘ |
sūnùs |
synŭ |
ustr |
|
Neffe/Enkel/Nachfahre |
*nepot- |
|
nápāt- |
napāt- |
νέποδεσ (népodes) |
nepōs |
|
|
nefi |
nevo |
nefa |
nephew |
Neffe |
nia |
nai |
nep(u)otis (Altlitauisch) |
netijĭ |
|
nip
|
Schwager |
*dāiu̯ēr- |
|
devár |
lēvar (Pashtu) / ēvar (Persisch) |
δαήρ (dāḗr) |
lēvir |
|
|
|
zeihhur |
tācor |
|
mhd. zeicher |
|
|
díeveris |
dĕverĭ |
tagr |
|
Schwieger-tochter |
*snusós |
|
snushā- |
suna (Persisch) |
nyós |
nurus |
nu |
|
snor |
snura |
snoru |
|
|
|
|
|
snŭcha |
nu |
nuse ‚Braut‘
|
Schwieger-mutter |
*su̯ekrū́- |
|
śvaśrū- |
xvasura |
ekurā |
socrus |
|
swaίhrō |
sværa |
swehur |
swehor |
|
Schwieger |
|
chwegr |
šẽšuras „Schwiegervater“ |
svekry |
skesur |
vjehërr
|
Pronomen
|
idg. |
heth. |
skr. |
av. |
gr. |
lat. |
toch. (B) |
got. |
anord. |
ahd. |
ae. |
ne. |
nhd. |
air. |
kymr. |
lit. |
akslav. |
arm. |
alb.
|
ich |
*egH₂ |
ūk |
ahám |
azǝm |
egṓ, egṓn |
egō |
ñuk |
ik |
ek |
ih |
ic̣ |
I |
ich |
|
|
àš |
azŭ |
es |
unë
|
mich |
*H₁me- |
ammuk |
mām |
mąm |
emé, me |
mē(d) |
|
mik |
mik |
|
mē(c̣) |
me |
mich |
me-sse, mé |
mi "I" |
manè |
mę |
is |
më
|
mir (Dat.) |
*H₁meǵhi |
ammuk |
máhya(m) |
maibya |
moi |
mihi |
|
mis |
mér |
|
mē |
me |
mir |
-m- (Infix) |
|
mán |
|
inj |
|
von mir |
*H₁meme- |
|
máma |
mana |
emeĩo |
meī |
ñi |
meins |
minn |
|
mīn |
my, mine |
mein |
|
fyn |
mana(s) |
mene |
im |
mua, mue
|
mein |
* H₁mo-yo |
miš |
ma/mā |
ma |
emós |
meus |
ñi |
meina |
minn |
|
mīn |
my, mine |
mein |
|
fyn |
màno |
moj |
im |
meje
|
du |
*tu |
zik |
t(u)vám |
tū |
sú (dor. tú) |
tū |
t(u)we |
þu |
þú |
du |
þū |
thou |
du |
tū, tu-ssu |
ti |
tù |
ty |
du |
ti
|
wir |
*wei |
wēs |
vay-ám |
vaēm |
hēm- |
|
wes |
weis |
vít |
|
wē |
we |
wir |
|
|
(dial.) vẽdu, vẽdvi „wir beide“; mès „wir“ |
vě „wir beide“ |
|
|
uns |
*n̥s-mé, enkl. *nos |
anzāš, enkl. naš |
asmān, enkl. naḥ |
ahma, enkl. nǝ̄, nā̊, nō |
|
nōs |
|
uns |
oss |
|
ūs |
us |
uns |
ni |
ni, ny |
(dial.) nuõdu „wir beide“; nōuson (altpreußisch) |
na „wir beide“, nas „uns“ |
|
na, ne „wir“
|
ihr (2. Person Nom.Pl.) |
*yū |
|
yūyám |
yūžǝm, yūš |
hum- |
|
yes |
jūs |
ér |
|
gē |
ye |
|
sī, sissi |
chwi |
jũs |
vy |
|
ju
|
euch (2. Person Akk./Dat.Pl.) |
*us-wé, *us-mé, enkl. *wos |
sumes |
yuṣmā́n, enkl. vas |
yūšmat̃, enkl. vā̊ |
hum-, äol. úmme |
vōs „ihr“ |
|
izwis |
|
|
ēow |
you |
euch |
uai-b ("von euch") |
|
|
vas |
|
u
|
sich (Refl. Pron.) |
*s(w)e- |
lyd. s'fa-, car. sfes |
sva- |
hva- |
hé |
sē |
|
swes |
sik |
sih |
seolf |
self |
sich |
fein |
|
sava(s) |
svoji |
inkʿs |
vetë
|
was (Relativ./Interrog. Pron.) |
*kʷid, kʷod |
kuit |
kím |
|
tí, tì |
quid, quod |
|
ƕa |
hvat |
|
hwæt |
what |
was |
cid |
|
kàd „daß; damit“ |
čь-to |
i |
si
|
wer (Relativ./Interrog. Pron.) |
*kʷis, kʷos, kʷei/kʷoi |
kuis |
káḥ, kíḥ |
kō, čiš |
tís, tìs |
quis, quī |
kuse |
ƕas |
hvar |
(h)wer |
hwā |
who |
wer |
cia |
pwy |
kàs |
kъ-to |
о |
kë
|
Neg-Part. |
*n̥- |
|
a-, an- |
a-, an- |
a-, an- |
in- |
a(n)-, am-, e(n)-, em-, on- |
un- |
ú- |
|
un- |
un- |
un- |
in-, ē-, an- |
an- |
ne- |
ne- |
an- |
|
Zahlwörter
|
idg. |
heth. |
skr. |
av. |
gr. |
lat. |
toch. (B) |
got. |
anord. |
ahd. |
ae. |
ne. |
nhd. |
air. |
kymr. |
lit. |
akslav. |
arm. |
alb.
|
eins, zusammen |
*sem- |
|
samá- "irgendein" |
hama- "irgendein, alle" |
heĩs, hén, mía |
sem-el "einmal", sim-plex "einfach", sin-gulī "einzeln" |
ṣe |
sama "gleich" |
samr |
|
sam- |
same |
samen |
samlith "zur selben Zeit" |
hafal "ähnlich" |
sam-, są- "mit" |
samŭ "eins, alleine" |
ez |
gjithë ‚alle‘
|
1 |
*ói-nos, ói-wos |
|
ēka- |
aēva- |
oĩnos |
ūnus |
|
ains |
einn |
ein |
ān |
one |
ein(s) |
ōen |
un |
víenas |
inŭ |
|
një
|
2 |
*dwóH₁ |
dā- |
dvā́(u) |
dva |
dúō |
duo |
wi |
twái |
tveir/tvær |
zwa, zwo |
twā |
two |
zwei |
da |
dau |
dù |
dŭva |
erku |
dy
|
3 |
*tréyes |
tri- |
tráyaḥ |
ϑrayō, ϑrayas |
treĩs |
trēs |
trai |
þreis |
þrír |
dri |
þrīe |
three |
drei |
trí |
tri |
trỹs |
trĭje |
erekʿ |
tre
|
4 |
*kʷetwóres |
|
masc. catvā́raḥ, neut. catvā́ri, fem. cátasraḥ |
masc. čaϑwārō, fem. čataŋrō |
téssares |
quattuor |
śtwer |
fidwor |
fjórir |
fior |
fēower |
four |
vier |
ceth(a)ir |
pedwar |
keturì |
četyre |
čʿorkʿ |
katër
|
5 |
*pénkʷe |
|
páñca |
panča |
pénte |
quīnque |
piś |
fimf |
fim(m) |
fimf |
fīf |
five |
fünf |
cóic |
pum(p) |
penkì |
pętĭ |
hing |
pesë
|
6 |
*swéḱs |
|
ṣáṣ |
xšvaš |
héx |
sex |
ṣkas |
sáihs |
sex |
sehs |
siex |
six |
sechs |
sé |
chwech |
šešì |
šestĭ |
vecʿ |
gjashtë
|
7 |
*septḿ̥ |
sipta- |
saptá |
hapta |
heptá |
septem |
ṣukt |
sibun |
sjau |
sibun |
seofon |
seven |
sieben |
secht |
saith |
septynì |
sedmĭ |
ewtʿn |
shtatë
|
8 |
*H₁oḱtō(u) |
|
aṣṭā́(u) |
ašta |
oktṓ |
octō |
okt |
ahtáu |
átta |
ahto |
eahta |
eight |
acht |
ocht |
wyth |
aštuonì |
osmĭ |
utʿ |
tetë
|
9 |
*(H₁)néwn̥ |
|
náva |
nava |
ennéa |
novem |
ñu |
niun |
níu |
nium |
nigon |
nine |
neun |
noí |
naw |
devynì |
devętĭ |
inn /inən |
nëntë
|
10 |
*déḱm̥t |
|
dáśa |
dasa |
déka |
decem |
śak |
taíhun |
tíu |
zehan |
tien |
ten |
zehn |
deich |
deg, deng |
dẽšimt |
desętĭ |
tasn |
dhjetë
|
20 |
*wī́ḱm̥̥tiH₁ "two tens" |
|
viṁśatí |
vīsaiti |
eíkosi |
vīgintī |
ikäṃ |
|
tuttugu |
zweinzug |
twēntig |
twenty |
zwanzig |
foiche |
ugain |
|
|
kʿsan |
zet
|
100 |
*ḱm̥tóm |
|
śatám |
satǝm |
he-katón |
centum |
kante |
hunda |
hund-rad |
hunt |
hund-red |
hundred |
hundert |
cét |
can(t) |
šim̃tas |
sŭto |
|
|
Körperteile
|
idg. |
heth. |
skr. |
av. |
gr. |
lat. |
toch. (B) |
got. |
anord. |
ahd. |
ae. |
ne. |
nhd. |
air. |
kymr. |
lit. |
akslav. |
arm. |
alb.
|
Auge |
*H₃okʷ- |
|
ákṣi |
aši |
ósse "beide Augen"; ómma "Auge" |
oculus |
ek |
áugō |
auga |
ouga |
ēage |
eye |
Auge |
enech ‚Gesicht‘ (auch ‚Ehre‘) |
enep |
akìs |
oko |
akn |
sy
|
Herz |
*ḱerd- |
karz |
hṛd |
zǝrǝd |
kardíā |
cor |
käryāñ |
haírtō |
hjarta |
herza |
heorte |
heart |
Herz |
cride |
craidd „Mitte“ |
širdìs |
srŭdĭce |
sirt |
|
Nase |
*nas- |
|
nā́sā |
nāh-, nā̊ŋhan- |
|
nāris |
|
|
nǫs |
nasa |
nosu, nasu |
nose |
Nase |
|
|
nósis |
nosŭ |
|
|
Knie |
*ǵénu, ǵnéus |
genu |
jā́nu |
zānu |
gónu |
genū |
keni |
kniu |
kné |
knio |
cnēo |
knee |
Knie |
|
|
|
|
cunr |
gju
|
Fuß |
*pōds, *ped- |
pata- |
pāt |
pad- |
poús |
pēs |
pai |
fōtus |
fótr |
fuoz |
fōt |
foot |
Fuß |
mir. ed ‚Gangart‘ |
gall. ades |
pėdà |
pěšǐ "zu Fuß" |
otn |
poshtë "darunter"
|
Zahn |
*H₁dónt-, *H₁dn̥t- |
|
dan |
dantan- |
odṓn |
dēns |
|
tunþus |
tǫn |
zan(d) |
tōþ |
tooth |
Zahn |
dét |
dant |
dantìs |
russ. десна [desná] „Zahnfleisch“ |
atamn |
|
Knochen |
*H₂óst- |
ḫastāi- |
ásthi |
ast-, asti- |
ostéon |
os |
B āy, pl. āsta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
asil, asna ‚Rippe‘ |
asen ‚id‘ |
|
|
oskr |
asht(ë)
|
Blut |
*ésH₂r̥, *esH₂nés |
ēsḫar (esḫanas) |
ásr̥k, ásr̥t |
|
éar |
aser (archaisch) |
yasar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
lett. asins |
|
ariun |
|
Zunge |
*dn̥ǵhuH₂-, *dn̥ǵhwéH₂ |
|
jihvā́ |
hizvā |
|
lingua (arch. dingua) |
käntwo |
tuggō |
tunga |
zunga |
tunge |
tongue |
Zunge |
tengae |
tafod |
liežùvis |
językŭ |
lezu |
|
Wange/Kinn |
*ǵénu, ǵnéus |
|
hánu-ṣ |
zānu- |
génus |
gena |
śanwem (A) ‚Kinnlade‘ |
kinnus |
kinn |
kinni |
c̣inn |
chin |
Kinn |
gi(u)n |
gen |
žándas ‚Kinnlade‘ |
|
|
|
Ohr |
*H₂ous- |
|
|
uši |
oũs |
auris |
|
áusō |
eyra |
ōra |
ēare |
ear |
Ohr |
áu, ó |
|
ausìs |
ucho |
unkn |
vesh
|
Träne |
*(d)ákru- |
isḫaḫru |
áśru |
asrū- |
dákru |
lacrima (arch. dacruma) |
akrūna |
tagr |
tár |
zahar |
tēar, tæhher |
tear |
Zähre |
dér |
deigr |
ašarà, àšara |
|
artawsr |
|
Leber |
*yḗkʷr̥, yekʷnés |
|
yákr̥t |
yākarǝ |
hẽpar |
jecur |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
jẽknos, jekanas |
ikra ‚Rogen‘ |
leard |
|
Tiere
|
idg. |
heth. |
skr. |
av. |
gr. |
lat. |
toch. (B) |
got. |
anord. |
ahd. |
ae. |
ne. |
nhd. |
air. |
kymr. |
lit. |
akslav. |
arm. |
alb.
|
Pferd |
*ekwos |
luw. ásùwa |
áśvaḥ |
aspa- |
híppos |
equus |
yakwe |
aíƕws |
jór |
|
eoh |
|
|
ech |
ebol |
ašvà |
|
|
|
Rind |
*gʷōus |
lyk. wawa- |
gáuḥ |
gāuš |
boũs |
bōs |
keu |
|
kýr |
kuo |
cu |
cow |
Kuh |
bó |
buch |
lett. gùovs |
|
kov |
gak ‚Keiler‘
|
Schaf |
*H₂ówi- |
lyk. χawa- |
ávi- |
|
ó(w)is |
ovis |
eye |
aweþi |
ær |
ouwi |
ēow, ēowu |
ewe |
Aue |
ói |
ewig |
avìs |
ovĭ-ca |
|
|
Bär |
*H₂rtḱos |
ḫartaqqas |
ŕ̥kṣaḥ |
arša |
árktos |
ursus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mir. art |
arth |
|
|
arǰ |
arí
|
Hund |
*ḱwon- |
kun- |
ś(u)vā́ |
spā |
kúōn |
canis |
ku |
hunds |
hundr |
hunt |
hund |
hound |
Hund |
cu |
ci |
šuõ |
|
šun |
|
Maus |
*muH₁s- |
|
mū́ṣ- |
|
mũs |
mūs |
|
|
mús |
|
mūs |
mouse |
Maus |
|
|
|
myšĭ |
mowk |
mi
|
Schwein |
*suHs- |
|
su-karas |
hū |
hũs, sũs |
sūs |
suwo |
swein |
svin "Schwein", sýr "Sau" |
swin |
sū |
sow |
Schwein, Sau |
socc |
hwch |
lett. sivēns, suvẽns „Ferkel“ |
|
|
thi
|
Wolf |
*wl̥kʷos |
ulippana |
vŕ̥kaḥ |
vǝhrka- |
lúkos |
lupus |
|
wulfs |
ulfr |
wulf |
wolf |
wolf |
Wolf |
|
|
vil̃kas |
vlĭkŭ |
|
ujk
|
Gans |
*ǵhans- |
|
haṁsáḥ |
zāō |
khḗn |
(h)ānser |
|
|
gás |
gans |
gōs |
goose |
Gans |
géiss |
gwydd |
žąsìs |
gǫsǐ |
|
gatë ‚Reiher‘
|
Ente |
*anǝt |
|
ātí- |
|
nessa, netta |
ānas |
|
|
ǫnd |
enita |
ened |
|
Ente |
|
|
ántis |
Russ. утка |
|
rosë
|
Landwirtschaft
|
idg. |
heth. |
skr. |
av. |
gr. |
lat. |
toch. (B) |
got. |
anord. |
ahd. |
ae. |
ne. |
nhd. |
air. |
kymr. |
lit. |
akslav. |
arm. |
alb.
|
Korn |
*ǵr̥H₂-no- |
|
|
|
|
grānum |
|
kaúrn |
korn |
|
corn |
corn |
Korn |
grān |
grawn |
žìrnis "Erbse" |
zrŭno |
|
grurë
|
Feld |
*H₂éǵros |
|
ájraḥ |
|
ἀγρός (agrós) |
ager |
|
akrs |
akr |
|
æcer |
acre |
Acker |
|
|
|
|
|
|
pflügen |
*H₂erH₃- |
|
|
|
aróō |
arō (arāre) "pflügen", arātrum "Pflug" |
āre |
arjan |
erja |
|
erian |
|
|
mir. airim |
arddu |
ariù "pflügen", árklas "Pflug" |
orjǫ |
araur |
|
melken |
*H₂melǵ- |
|
mā́ršti, mā́rjati, mr̥játi |
marǝzaiti, mǝrǝzaiti |
amélgō |
mulgeō |
malk-wer |
miluks |
mjolk |
|
meolc |
milk |
Milch |
bligim |
blith ‚Milch‘ |
mélžu |
mŭlzu |
|
mjel
|
mahlen |
*melH₂- |
mallai |
mr̥ṇāti, mr̥nati |
|
múllō |
molō |
melye "trampeln" |
malan |
mala |
|
melu |
meal |
Mehl |
melim |
malu |
malù |
meljǫ |
malem |
miell "Mehl"
|
Honig |
*meli-t, *mel-nés |
milit |
|
|
méli |
mel |
|
miliþ |
|
|
mele |
|
|
mil |
mel |
|
|
mełr |
mjaltë
|
Met |
*médʰu |
|
mádhu |
mađu |
méthu "Wein" |
|
mīt |
midus |
mjǫðr |
|
medu |
mead |
Met |
mid |
medd |
medùs "Honig" |
medъ "Honig" |
|
|
Salz |
*sal- |
|
sal-ilá- "salzig" |
|
ἅλς (háls) |
sāl |
sālyiye |
salt |
salt |
|
sealt |
salt |
Salz |
salann |
halen |
lett. sā̀ls |
solǐ |
ał |
gjollë ‚Salzleckstein‘
|
säen |
*seH₁- "säen", *séH₁mn̥ "Samen" |
isḫūwāi "säen" |
|
|
|
serō |
|
saian |
sá |
sāmo "Samen" |
sāwan |
sow |
säen |
síl "Samen" |
hil "Samen" |
sė́ju |
sějǫ |
|
|
Joch |
*yugóm |
yugan |
yugám |
yaoj-, yuj- "anschirren" |
ζεῦγος (zeûgos) |
iugum |
yokäm "Tür" (A) |
juk |
ok |
|
ġeoc |
yoke |
Joch |
nir. ughaim ‚ich aufzäume‘ |
iau |
jùngas |
igo |
luc |
|
- ↑ "nóras" erscheint im Handbuch des Altpersischen, und zwar auf der Seite 150