English: Rigorous life reconstruction of the spinosaurid theropod Ichthyovenator laosensis.

References:

• Fossil material:

Allain et al. (2012).[1]

National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo.File:Ichthyovenator_laosensis.jpgFile:Ichthyovenator_vertebrae.jpg[2]

Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.File:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_65849.jpg

• Tail fin:

Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.File:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_65849.jpg

Arden et al. (2018).[3]

Allain (pers. comm.).

• Basis for spinosaurine classification and resulting inferences:

Allain et al. (2014).[4]

Arden et al. (2018).[5]

• Head based on Irritator challengeri, "Angaturama", Oxalaia quilombensis, and Spinosaurus aegyptiacus:

Sales and Schultz (2017).[6]

Ibrahim et al. (2020).[7]"

• Hands and arms based on "Angaturama", Suchomimus tenerensis, and Baryonyx walkeri:

Aureliano et al. (2018).[8]

Francisco Bruñén (2018).[9]

Scott Hartman (2018).[10]

• Torso, legs, and missing sail and tail anatomy based on Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, Romualdo Formation Spinosaurinae, and Suchomimus tenerensis:

Ibrahim et al. (2020).[11]"

Aureliano et al. (2018).[12]

Francisco Bruñén (2018).[13]

• Feet based on Spinosaurus aegyptiacus and Portuguese Spinosauridae indet. tracks:

Ibrahim et al. (2014) (supplementary materials).[14]

Casanovas et al. (1993)[15]

• Throat pouch/dewlap based on those seen in living aquatic dinosaurs and crocodilians:

Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian pelicans):File:Australian_Pelican_showing_large_pouch.jpg

Alligator mississippiensis (American alligators):[16]

• Speculative colouration based on living aquatic (and some terrestrial) dinosaurs, as well as other animals with similar semiaquatic or marine lifestyles, including:

Upupa epops (hoopoes):[17]

Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguins):File:Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-adults_and_juvenile-8.jpg

Carcharhinus melanopterus (blacktip reef sharks):File:Carcharhinus_melanopterus_bora_bora.png

Paleosuchus trigonatus (smooth-fronted caimans):File:Paleosuchus-trigonatus.jpg

Lophodytes cucullatus (hooded mergansers):File:Hooded_Merganser_(Lophodytes_cucullatus)_(1).JPG

Branta ruficollis (red-breasted geese):File:Red-breasted_goose_arp.jpg