Benutzer:Prost666/Ceftazidim
| Strukturformel | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||
| Allgemeines | ||||||||||
| Freiname | Ceftazidim | |||||||||
| Andere Namen |
| |||||||||
| Summenformel | C22H22N6O7S2 | |||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung |
weißer bis cremefarbener, kristalliner, geruchloser Puder [1] (Ceftazidim-Pentahydrat) | |||||||||
| Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
| Arzneistoffangaben | ||||||||||
| ATC-Code | ||||||||||
| Wirkstoffklasse |
| |||||||||
| Wirkmechanismus | ||||||||||
| Eigenschaften | ||||||||||
| Molare Masse | 546,576 g·mol−1 | |||||||||
| Aggregatzustand |
fest | |||||||||
| Dichte |
1,9 g·cm−3[2] | |||||||||
| Dampfdruck |
2.32E-21 mmHg[3] | |||||||||
| Löslichkeit |
schwer löslich in Wasser [4] (396 mg·l−1) | |||||||||
| Brechungsindex |
1,759 [2] | |||||||||
| Sicherheitshinweise | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
| Soweit möglich und gebräuchlich, werden SI-Einheiten verwendet. Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei Standardbedingungen. Brechungsindex: Na-D-Linie, 20 °C | ||||||||||
Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients.
Wirkspektrum
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pharmakologie
Pharmakodynamik
Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic for parenteral administration. Ceftazidime is bactericidal in action exerting its effect by inhibition of enzymes responsible for cell-wall synthesis, primarily penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). A wide range of gram-negative organisms is susceptible to ceftazidime in vitro, including strains resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides. In addition, ceftazidime has been shown to be active against gram-positive organisms. It is highly stable to most clinically important beta-lactamases, plasmid or chromosomal, which are produced by both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and, consequently, is active against many strains resistant to ampicillin and other cephalosporins. Ceftazidime has activity against the gram-negative organisms Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. Its activity against Pseudomonas is a distinguishing feature of ceftazidime among the cephalosporins.
Wirkmechanismus
The bactericidal activity of ceftazidime results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung
Ceftazidime overdosage has occurred in patients with renal failure. Reactions have included seizure activity, encephalopathy, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and coma.
Pharmakokinetik
Absorption: The absorption of ceftazidime is directly proportional to the size of the dose. The elimination of ceftazidime by the kidneys resulted in high therapeutic concentrations in the urine. Half-life, following IV administration, is approximately 1.9-hours. Since ceftazidime is eliminated almost solely by the kidneys, its serum half-life is significantly prolonged in patients with impaired renal function. Clearance: 115 mL/min Occupational Exposure Limit: 100 mcg/m3 (15 MIN STEL)
Freisetzung (Liberation)
Aufnahme (Absorption)
Verteilung (Distribution)
Verstoffwechslung (Metabolismus)
Ausscheidung (Exkretion)
Dosis, Verteilungsvolumen, Clearance, Bioverfügbarkeit, Plasmahalbwertszeit, Erhaltungsdosis
- Physikalisch-chemische Parameter: Verteilungskoeffizient, Metabolische Umsatzrate, Löslichkeit, Dampfdruck, Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit, Proteinbindungskonstante
- Biologische Parameter: Alter, Geschlecht, Körpergewicht, Ausmaß körperlicher Aktivität, Anatomische Abmessungen, Blutfluss durch Organe, Organvolumina, Atmung
Indikationen
For the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of organisms in the following diseases: lower respiratory tract infections,skin and skin structure infections, urinary tract infections, bacterial septicemia, bone and joint infections, gynecologic infections, intra abdominal infections (including peritonitis), and central nervous system infections (including meningitis).
Kontraindikationen
Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen
Nebenwirkungen / unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen
Handelsnamen
FORTAZ, Fortam (CH), Generika (CH)
Weblinks
Literatur
- Rote Liste® Service GmbH (Hrsg.): Rote Liste - Arzneimittelverzeichnis für Deutschland. Rote Liste® Service GmbH (rote-liste.de [abgerufen am 5. Juli 2011] DocCheck-Passwort erforderlich).
- Europäische Arzneibuch-Kommission (Hrsg.): Europäisches Arzneibuch (Pharmacopoea Europaea, Ph.Eur.).
- Dr. Jörg Martin, Peter Lehle, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Ilg: Fertigarzneimittelkunde. 6. Auflage. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8047-1760-8.
- Fachinformation [1] von Firma, abgerufen am 06. Juli 2011.
Einzelhinweise
- ↑ Datenblatt Ceftazidime for Injection von Eli Lilly and Company, abgerufen am 9. Juli 2011.
- ↑ a b Ceftazidim bei ChemieSpider, abgerufen am 09. Juli 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Ceftazidim bei ChemIDplus, abgerufen am 9. Juli 2011.
- ↑ Ceftazidim bei PharmaWiki], abgerufen am 09. Juli 2011.
- ↑ Ceftazidim bei ChemicalBook, abgerufen am 9. Juli 2011.
