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Charles Edgar Duryea (* 15. Dezember 1861 in Canton, Fulton County, Illinois, USA; † 28. September 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA)

Erfinder, Unternehmer und Automobilpionier. Gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder J. Frank Duryea (1869-1967) baute er 1893 eines der ersten Automobile in den USA, errichtete zu dessen Herstellung die erste Automobilfabrik und tätigte den ersten Verkauf eines kommerziell gefertigten Autos mit Benzinmotor. Die Brüder zerstritten sich danach. Die Aufarbeitung des jeweiligen Anteils an der historischen Entwicklung des Automobils dauert an.

refs

http://todayinsci.com/D/Duryea_Charles/DuryeaCharles-Chap1.htm
  • Duryea Motor Wagon Company (USA, Springfield MA, Peoria IL,Waterloo IO, Saginaw MI, Philadelphia PA, Reading PA(2x)), erstes kommerziell hergestelltes Auto der USA; 1893)[1]
  • Stevens-Duryea
Lizenz National; 1899 1. Transcontinental
Lizenz Waterloo
A Practical Treatise (1916), by Charles E. Duryea, James Edward Homans
http://www.todayinsci.com/B/Brayton_George/BraytonGeorgeEngine2.htm

[2] [3]

[4]


  • earlyamericanautomobiles.com: History of Early American Automobile Industry, Chapter 3[5]

Bio nach EB

Charles E. Duryea and J. Frank Duryea, in full Charles Edgar Duryea and James Frank Duryea (respectively, born Dec. 15, 1861, Canton, Ill., U.S.—died Sept. 28, 1938, Philadelphia, Pa.; born Oct. 8, 1869, Washburn, Ill., U.S.—died Feb. 15, 1967, Saybrook, Conn.) inventors of one of the first automobiles—the first that was actually built and operated in the United States.

Charles Duryea entered the rapidly growing bicycle business and displayed a marked inventive talent. In 1886 at the Ohio state fair, he saw a stationary gasoline engine that seemed to him to be sufficiently compact to power a carriage or wagon. By 1891 he had completed a design, and with his brother Frank he then constructed a car and engine in a rented loft in Springfield, Mass. In later years a controversy marred relations between the brothers; Charles claimed that the model was completed to an operable state under his guidance, while Frank asserted that he perfected the engine and transmission while Charles was in Illinois. In any case the car made a successful run in the streets of Springfield on Sept. 22, 1893.

An improved version, largely the work of Frank Duryea, appeared in 1895 and won several races. Thirteen copies of it were manufactured and sold, but the company failed, and the brothers went separate ways. Charles made a number of vehicles, some three-wheeled, and Frank developed the Stevens-Duryea, one of the best known of the early standard makes, a high-priced limousine that continued in production into the 1920s.

Bio nach EAA

Charles Duryea

Charles Duryea began to make his Duryea models in 1900 in Peoria, IL and shortly moved to Reading, PA in that year. After the sale of the Duryea Motor Carriage Company in 1897, he kept his name in print writing for the Horseless Age Magazine.

Peoria, Ill., May 1, 1899. Editor Horseless Age:

It seems to the writer that the stupidity of drivers is resposible for more trouble from the horse than the horse's own lack of sense. A horse is not supposed to have a high degree of intelligence and should not be condemned for not exhibiting more than he has. Some horses lack sense, of course, and cannot be taught, but most of them are reasonably tractable, and lack of intelligence reflects upon their masters. Most horse accidents, now so common, would not occur if reasonable care or diligence were exercised by the drivers. One of the cleanest upsets I ever saw was manipulated by a sleepy junk dealer, driving a steady old rattle-bones of a horse to a rickety old wagon, loaded high with rubber boots, of hose, scrap lead pipe and a small calf, with legs tied. The horse saw the motor vehicle coming while yet some distance away and turned down a cross road, quickening his pace into a trot. This acceleration of gait awoke the driver, who grabbed for the lines, got hold of one, and proceeded to pull the horse tip. The result of course was an upset, unload ing the calf with the junk on top of him and spilling the driver cff just clear of the overturned wagon. The harness let go and the horse ran back toward the motor wagon and was caught by a bystander. We helped set up the wagon and left the driver to load up his junk at hi< leisure, for we felt that he was the whole cause of the trouble and that he deserved what he got. But we did feel sorry for the calf.

Another incident from like cause occurred with a small, nearly blind, boy. driving while his mother sat on the seat beside him. The boy did not see the motor vehicle approaching, and his mother was so engaged in watching it that she neglected to think of either horse or boy. The horse was so sleepy and sedate that the motor vehicle's pace was not slackened much, and before the horse had time to think the vehicle was upon him. A sudden bolt sidewise across the gutter dumped the wagon over and the passengers out. The motor vehicle stopped to help in the matter, the horse was soon caught and the woman and boy, more interested in the motor vehicle than in their own, seemed thankful to have ;.n opportunity of examining one of the horseless rigs. Littl<or no damage being done and nobody being hurt, we all went onr ways rejoicing.

It is quite evident to the writer that a horse enjoys a joke occasionally. Not long ago, while driving out in the suburbs, parallel to a street car track, we were speeding along at twenty miles an hour and just keeping in advance of an electric car whose motorman, conductor and passengers were enjoying the race. A strong, intelligent horse, hitched to a American Express Co.'s wagon was met and passed, bringing the horse between our path and the streetcar track. Both driver and horse were watching us, and the horse saw an opportunity to have a little joke of his own. He therefore gave a playful little jump away from us, as if he were scared. This jump, however, brought him in front of the rapidly approaching electric car, and he at once awoke to tht fact that the joke might prove serious, so a second jump brought him so far back our way that had we not been going rapidly he would have collided with the vehicle, showing very plainly that he had no particular fear to us.

[5]

Literatur

  • L. Scott Bailey: Charles E. Duryea: Present at the creation; in: Automobile Quarterly (ISSN 005-1438), Volume XXIII, No. 4 (1985), S. 388 ff
  • Richard P. Scharchburg: Carriages Without Horses: J. Frank Duryea and the Birth of the American Automobile Industry, Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., Reference Series (1. August 1993); ISBN 156091-380-0.
  • Robert D. Dluhy: American Automobiles of the Brass Era: Essential Specifications of 4,000+ Gasoline Powered Passenger Cars, 1906-1915, with a Statistical and Historical Overview. Mcfarland & Co Inc. publishers, Jefferson NC (2013); ISBN 0-78647-136-0.
  • Beverly Rae Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America. Herausgeber SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Permissions, Warrendale PA, 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X.
  • James J. Flink: America Adopts the Automobile - 1895-1910, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 1970. ISBN 0-262 06036-1.
  • Beverly Rae Kimes (Hrsg.), Henry Austin Clark jr.: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805-1942. 3. Auflage. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996; ISBN 978-0-87341-428-9.
  • Halwart Schrader (Hrsg.): Motor Men: Menschen, Mythen und Motoren der Automobilgeschichte. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart, 1. Auflage, 2011; ISBN 3-6130-3202-3.
  • Hans Christoph von Seherr-Thoss: Dictionary of famous personalities in the automobile World. Ivy House Publishing, Raleigh NC, USA, 1. Auflage; 2005; ISBN 1-57197-333-8.
  • Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers: Handbook of Gasoline Automobiles / 1904-1905-1906. Dover Publications, 1969.
  • National Automobile Chamber of Commerce: Handbook of Automobiles 1915–1916. Dover Publications, 1970.
  • G. N. Georgano (Hrsg.): Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present; Dutton Press, New York, 2. Auflage (Hardcover) 1973, ISBN 0-525-08351-0
  • G. N. Georgano (Hrsg.), G. Marshall Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles; MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI (1979); ISBN 0-87341-024-6
  • Richard v. Frankenberg / Marco Matteucci: Geschichte des Automobils. Sigloch Service Edition / STIG Torino, 1973; ohne ISBN
  • Hans-Otto Neubauer (Hersg.): Chronik des Automobils. Chronik Verlag im Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh/München, 2004; ISBN 3-570-14338-4.
  • Harald H. Linz, Halwart Schrader: Die große Automobil - Enzyklopädie. 100 Jahre Geschichte. 2500 Marken aus 65 Ländern, 2. Auflage (1992); BLV Buchverlag München, Wien und Zürich; ISBN-10: 3405129745; ISBN-13: 978-3405129743, gebundene Ausgabe
  • Beverly Rae Kimes (Hrsg.), Henry Austin Clark jr.: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805-1942. 2. Auflage. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1985; ISBN 0-87341-111-0.
  • Consumer Guide (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia of American Cars from 1930, Publications International (1993), ISBN 0-7853-0175-5
  • The Automobile of 1904; Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (Januar 1904), Americana Review, 725 Dongan Ave., Scotia NY (USA); erschienen 1904
  • Beverly Rae Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America. Herausgeber SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Permissions, Warrendale PA, 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X.
  • James J. Flink: America Adopts the Automobile - 1895-1910, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 1970. ISBN 0-262 06036-1.
  • David Beecroft: History of the American Automobile Industry; Nachdruck einer Artikelserie in der Zeitschrift The Automobile, erstmals erschienen zwischen Oktober 1915 und August 1916. Verlag: lulu.com, 2009; ISBN 0-5570-5575-X.
  • Griffith Borgeson: The Golden Age of the American Racing Car. Hrsg. SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), Warrendale PA, 2. Auflage, 1998; ISBN 0-7680-0023-8.
  • Madsen, Axel: The Deal Maker: How William C. Durant made General Motors. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; ISBN 0-4713-9523-4.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Kimes(1985), p. 485
  2. ↑ Kimes/Clark: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805-1942 (1985), S. 46
  3. ↑ Kimes/Clark: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805-1942 (1996), S. 506
  4. ↑ Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels (2005), S. 46
  5. ↑ a b earlyamericanautomobiles.com: History of Early American Automobile Industry, Chapter 3
http://todayinsci.com/D/Duryea_Charles/DuryeaCharles-Chap1.htm
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