Benutzer:Der Buckesfelder/Werkstatt/Hexham Abbey
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Artikel
| Benutzer:Der Buckesfelder/Werkstatt/Hexham Abbey
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| Konfession: | Church of England |
| Patrozinium: | Hl. Andreas |
| Pfarrer: | Graham Usher |
Koordinaten: 54° 58′ 19,2″ N, 2° 6′ 10,8″ W
(deutsch: Abtei von Hexham) ist eine anglikanische Kirche, die dem Hl. Andreas geweiht ist. Sie steht in der Stadt Hexham, Grafschaft Northumberland, im nordosten Englands. Seit der Auflösung der englischen Klöster im Jahre 1537 gehört sie zur Kirchengemeinde von Hexham.
Geschichte
An dieser Stelle steht eine Kirche seit über 1300 Jahren, als die Hl. Æthelthryth, Königin von Northumbria, Land an den Bischof von York, dem Hl. Wilfrid im Jahre 674 schenkte. Of Wilfrid's Benedictine abbey, which was constructed almost entirely of material salvaged from nearby Roman ruins, the Saxon crypt still remains; as does a frith stool, a 7th/8th century cathedra or throne.[1] For a little while around that time it was the seat of a bishopric.
Im Jahr 875 verwüstete Halfdan Ragnarsson ganz Tyneside und die Hexham Kirche wurde geplündert und niedergebrannt.[2]
Um 1050 wurde Eilaf verantwortlich für Hexham. Da er Kämmerer von Durham war, kam er nie nach Hexham. Eilaf wurde angewiesen die Kirche wieder aufzubauen, welche in Ruinen lag. Sein Sohn Eilaf II. vollendete das Werk seines Vaters im normannischen Stil.[2]
Im normannischen Zeitalter wurde die Abtei durch eine Priorei der Augustiner ersetzt. Die aktuelle Kirche stammt aus dieser Zeit (ungefähr 1170–1250) und wurde im frühen englischen Stil gebaut.e. Der Chorraum, das Nord- und Südquerschiff und die Kreuzgänge, wo Kanoniker studierend und meditierend hergingen, stammen aus dieser Zeit.
Der Osten wurde 1860 aufgebaut. Die Abtei wurde größtenteils unter dem Einfluss von Edwin Sidney Savage aufgebaut, welcher 1898 nach Hexham kam und bis 1919 blieb. This mammoth project involved re-building the nave, whose walls incorporate some of the earlier church and the restoration of the choir. The nave was re-consecrated on 8 August 1908.
In 1996 an additional chapel was created at the east end of the north choir aisle. Named St Wilfrid's Chapel, it offers a place for prayer or quiet reflection.
Stained glass
Four of the stained glass windows in the Abbey are the work of Jersey-born stained glass artist Henry Thomas Bosdet who was commissioned by the Abbey. The east window was the first project and was installed about 1907. Two smaller windows followed and the large west window was installed in 1918.[3]
Crypt
The crypt is a plain structure of four chambers. Here were exhibited the relics which were a feature of Wilfred's church. It consists of a chapel with an ante-chapel at the west end, two side passages with enlarged vestibules and three stairways. The chapel and ante-chapel are barrel-vaulted. All the stones used are of Roman workmanship and many are carved or with inscriptions.[2] One inscription on a slab, partially erased, is:
Translated it means The Emperor Lucius Septimus Severus Pius Pertinax and his sons the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antonius Pius Augustus and Publius Geta Caesar the cohorts and detachments made this under the command of ….. The words erased are of great interest. After the Emperor Geta was murdered by his brother an edict was made at Rome ordering that whenever the two names appeared in combination that of Geta was to be erased. This was done but so poorly that the name can still be read.[2]
- ↑ Old ruins, new world. British Archaeology.
- ↑ a b c d Frank Graham: Hexham and Corbridge A Short History and Guide (en). Butler Publishing, Thropton, Rothbury, Northumberland 1992, S. 2, 4, 5.
- ↑ Rebecca Dixon: Documentary sheds new light on Abbey windows. In: Hexham Courant. Nr. Friday, July 3, 2009, Januar.
Bishopric of Hexham
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The first diocese of Lindisfarne was merged into the Diocese of York in 664. York diocese was then divided in 678 by Theodore of Tarsus, forming a bishopric for the country between the Rivers Aln and Tees, with a seat at Hexham and/or Lindisfarne. This gradually and erratically merged back into the bishopric of Lindisfarne. Eleven bishops of Hexham followed St. Eata, of which six were saints.
No successor was appointed in 821, the condition of the country being too unsettled. A period of disorder followed the Danish devastations, after which Hexham monastery was reconstituted in 1113 as a priory of Austin Canons, which flourished until its dissolution under Henry VIII. Meantime the bishopric had been merged in that of Lindisfarne, which latter see was removed to Chester-le-Street in 883, and thence to Durham in 995.
Bishops
- Eata, 'bishop of Bernicia', with his seat at Hexham and/or Lindisfarne, died 685, succeeded by John of Beverley (Bede, Ecclesiastical History IV.12)
- Trumbert, 682, as 'bishop of Hexham', at the same time as Trumwine's installation, with Eata continuing as bishop at Lindisfarne
- Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, 685, after Tumbert's deposition, moving his seat to Lindisfarne to become bishop of Lindisfarne (Bede, IV.28)
- St. John of Beverley (685-705) (Bede, V.2). From then on, the seat was at Hexham, and the bishopric of Lindisfarne continued independently, with Eadberht succeeding Cuthbert
- St. Wilfrid, who, resigning the See of York, died as Bishop of Hexham in 709
- St. Acca, Wilfrid's successor, from 709 (Bede, V.20)
- Frithubeorht 734–766
- St. Eahlmund 767–781
- Tilbeorht 781–789
- Æthelberht 789–797 transferred from Whithorn
- Heardred 797–800
- Eanbehrt 800–813
- Tidfrith, last bishop in this line, who died about 821
Rectors
- George Busby
- Canon Barker 1866 - 18[98?]
- Edwin Sidney Savage 1898 - 1918
- Canon Hardy
- Roland Lemon
- Timothy Withers Green
- Michael Middleton
- Canon Michael Nelson
- Canon Graham Usher 2004-
Notable burials
Organ
In 1856 the Abbey acquired a second-hand organ from Carlisle Cathedral dating from 1804. In 1905 this was rebuilt by Norman and Beard with Sir Frederick Bridge of Westminster Abbey as the consultant.
In 1974 a new instrument by Lawrence Phelps of Pennsylvania was installed. It is a two manual 34-stop mechanical action instrument.[1]
Organists
- William Turner ???? - 1834[2] - 1855[3] - ????
- John Nicholson 1865[4] - 1878
- James Price 1878 - 1882 (afterwards organist of St. Margaret's Church, Ipswich)
- Thomas Simpson Camidge 1882 - 1889
- Richard Seaton
- Ronald Richardson Potter 1909 - 1911
- Newell Smith Wallbank 1911 - 1917 (later organist of Wakefield Cathedral)
- Harry William Tupper 1917 - 1918 (afterwards Organist of Southwell Minster)
- Hubert H. Norsworthy 1918
- Newell Smith Wallbank 1918 - 1926 (later organist of Wakefield Cathedral)
- Cecil S. Richards 1926
- Reginald Tustin Baker 1928–1929[5]
- Thomas Christy 1933 - 1945 (formerly sub-organist of Newcastle Cathedral 1928 - 1933)
- Alfred Southcott Morrish 1945 - 1948
- Frederick Hudson 1948[5] - 1949
- Dr Reginald Cooper
- Ronald Womersley
- Terence Atkinson 1965 - 1985
- John Green 1985 - 2000 (also Director of Music at Dame Allan's Schools, Newcastle, 1967–1990)
- Michael Haynes 2000 - 2011
- Marcus Wibberley 2011 -
Assistant organists
- Colin Basil Fanshaw 1947 - 1949[5]
- Dorothy Alder
- John Green 1961 - 1968
- Ron Lane 1969 - 1977
- John Green 1977 - 1983
- Henry Wallace 1983- 1999
- Hugh Morris 2001 - 2009
- Alexander Woodrow 2009 - 2012
- Andrew Wyatt (from September 2012)
Choirs
The Hexham Abbey Boys Choir sings choral evensong on Wednesdays and morning and evening services on Sundays. The choir has made two CDs in recent years and has toured to Milan (2005), Paris (2007), Rome (2009) and Hannover (2011) in addition to several tours within Great Britain. Several past members of the choir have gone on to win choral/ organ scholarships at Oxford and Cambridge colleges. The choir has appeared on BBC Songs of Praise.
The Hexham Abbey Girls Choir sings choral evensong on Thursdays and evensong on the first Sunday of the month. The choir began in September 2001 and is composed of girls aged 10–18. The choir has gone from strength to strength and appeared on BBC Songs of Praise. The choir has toured to Dublin (2007), Glasgow (2008), Paris (2009), Hannover (2011) and several other places.
The Hexham Abbey Chamber Choir is mainly made up of adults and meets once or twice a term for services or concerts. The chamber choir has recently appeared live on BBC 4 Sunday Worship.
Triforium is a recently formed choir, composed principally of senior girl choristers and former boy choristers and current choral scholars. The choir meets occasionally to sing for special events.
See also
References
External links
- Hexham Abbey official web site
- Read a detailed history about Hexham Priory
- A Panoramic virtual tour of Hexham Abbey
[[Category:674 establishments]] [[Category:1250s architecture]] [[Category:Anglo-Saxon cathedrals]] [[Category:Former cathedrals in England]] [[Category:Benedictine monasteries in England]] [[Category:Augustinian monasteries in England]] [[Category:Church of England churches in Northumberland]] [[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Northumberland]] [[Category:Monasteries in Northumberland]] [[Category:Visitor attractions in Northumberland]] [[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 7th century]]
- ↑ Donald Wright: Hexham Abbey. The Organ. Peter Robson Ltd, Hexham.
- ↑ 1834 Pigot's Directory for Northumberland
- ↑ 1855 Whellan's Directory of Northumberland
- ↑ . In: The Newcastle Courant. Nr. Friday September 1, 1865, Januar.
- ↑ a b c Who's Who in Music. Shaw Publishing Co. Ltd, London (First Post-war Edition) 1949/50.
