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Elsa Vesta Goveia (geb. 12. April 1925, Britisch-Guayana; gest. 18. März 1980) war in ihrer Zeit die bedeutendste Historiker zur Geschichte der Karibik. Sie stammte aus Britisch-Guayana und war auch die erste Frau, die an der neugegründeten University College of the West Indies (UCWI) Professorin wurde, und die erste Professorin für West Indian Studies im Department für Geschichte der UCWI. Ihr Hauptwerk, Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands at the End of the Eighteenth Century (1965), war eine Pionierarbeit zur Institution der Sklaverei und die erste Arbeit, welche das Konzept einer „slave society“ (Sklavengesellschaft) vertrat, in welchem nicht nur die Sklaven begriffen wurden, sondern die gesamte Gesellschaft. Sie war eine der Pionierinnen der historischen Forschung zu Sklaverei und der Karibik und gilt als die „erste Sozialhistorikerin“ („premier social historian“) der 1960er bis zu ihrem Tod.[1]
Leben
Jugend und Ausbildung
Elsa Vesta Goveia wurde am 12. April 1925[2] in Britisch-Guayana geboren. Ihre Eltern gehörten der Mittelklasse an und waren ethnisch gemischt portugiesisch und afro-guyanisch.[3][4] Als eine von zwei Töchtern erhielt sie Schulbildung zu einer Zeit, als sogar für Jungen in Britisch-Guyana Unterricht eine Seltenheit war. Nachdem sie ein Stipendium gewonnen hatte, besuchte sie die St. Joseph High School am Convent of Mercy in Georgetown und erwarb dort ein Zertifikat. 1944 gewann sie das nationale British Guiana Scholarship und setzte ihre Ausbildung am University College London fort, wo sie Geschichte studierte.[5] Sie gewann den Pollard Prize for English History 1947 und wurde die erste West Indian, die dieses Stipendium errang. Sie graduierte mit First Class Honors für ihren Abschluss 1948. Goveia studierte weiter und besuchte das Institute of Historical Research in London unter der Mentorierung von Eveline Martin bis 1950, als sie in die Karibik zurückkehrte und einen Posten am neugegründeten University College of the West Indies als Assistant Lecturer annahm.[6] Sie setzte ihre Forschungen 1950 und 1951 fort und erarbeitete ihre Doktorarbeit Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands 1780-1800 (Sklavengesellschaft in den britischen Inseln unter dem Winde), welche sie 1952 einreichte und damit ihren Doktortitel erhielt.[6][7]
Karriere
Mit dem Erhalt ihrer Urkunde wurde Goveia Lecturer[8] und lehrte am History Department des UCWI. Ihre Kurse focused on topics which had been elucidated in her doctoral thesis. Prior to Goveia, history of the Caribbean had focused on the economics of slavery and its political implications,[9] following a chronological sequence without regard to the larger context.[10] Goveia, instead, analyzed the sociological impact of the slaves, free blacks, and other elements of society and how they functioned both as separate communities and as part of the whole. She recognized that the entire culture was built upon a "slave society" wherein relationships were defined not only by color but by maintaining a structure based upon superiority and inferiority;[9] the interdependency of the group produced coherency in the society.[11] She did not advocate remaining silent and shamed about past slavery, instead arguing that only by acknowledging and confronting the past could „human beings change what human beings made“.[12] At a time when historians mainly focused on the achievement and development the colonizers brought to the colonies, Goveia as an insider, approached history from the perspective of the colonized. It was an innovation to scholarship that forced scholars to consider the social history and a more interdisciplinary approach to analysis, questioning the historiography of the region.[13][14][15]
Beginning in 1952 at the request of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History,[16][17] Goveia undertook a study that was to become one of her most important works, Study on the Historiography of the British West Indies.[18] She researched and wrote parts of the project over a two-year period for the Pan-American Institute, which published it in 1956.[19][20] In the years since its publication, the study has been called one of the two seminal works on historiography published in the 1960s;[21] one of the most influential works;[22] a serious contribution to scholarship;[23] and a catalyst which caused other historians to „probe the inner dynamics of West Indian societies, economies, and polities…“.[24] She published other essays and analyses, such as „The West Indian Slave Laws of the Eighteenth Century“, which appeared in a series published by UCWI called Chapters in West Indian History, which were perceptive and insightful.[25]
1958, Goveia was made a Senior Lecturer and then in 1961 was appointed as a professor in West Indian History. The appointment was historic, as she simultaneously became the first (and only) female professor at UCWI, as well as the first Caribbean-born professor of West Indian History.[18] In 1965, her thesis was published under the title of Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands at the End of the Eighteenth Century. Like her Study on Historiography the book became widely influential,[26] being one of the first works to define the term „slave society“" and its inner-workings.[27] Rather than a „colonial society“, which effectively left out slaves and free blacks, Goveias focus was on the whole society[28] and did not merely examine how slavery effected the state, but rather how the people involved were effected by the institution itself.[29] Pointedly, she noted that rivalries between the various islands in the Caribbean were a result of the broader system, which simultaneously united and divided them. Because the "system" required that they support the hierarchy, individual islands communicated with their colonizers, rather than among themselves and competed for status rather than overall improvement of the citizenry.[30]
Ab 1961 hatte Goveia had health issues which curtailed her publishing output to an extent, but she continued teaching until her untimely death at age fifty-five.[31][25]
Tod und Vermächtnis
Goveia died at her home in Hope Mews Kingston, Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica on 18 March 1980.[25][18] In 1985, a lecture series named the Elsa Goveia Memorial Lectures was inaugurated and continues to highlight scholarship on the history of the Caribbean.[32] In 1989, the reading room at the library on the Mona Campus of the University of the West Indies was renamed in Goveia's honor.[32]
Seit 1995 hat die Association of Caribbean Historians den Elsa Goveia Prize to scholars who have exhibited excellence in the study of Caribbean history.[33]
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ Moore, Higman, Campbell, Bryan 2003: S. x.
- ↑ Library of the University of the West Indies 2017.
- ↑ Moore 2016.
- ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. British Academy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198614128 oclc=56568095
- ↑ Chamberlain 2004: S. 169.
- ↑ a b Chamberlain 2004: S. 170.
- ↑ Goveia 1984: S. 2.
- ↑ Goveia 1984: S. 3.
- ↑ a b Chamberlain 2004: S. 174.
- ↑ Winks 1999: S. 135
- ↑ Wilson-Tagoe 1998: S. 29.
- ↑ Chamberlain 2004: S. 175.
- ↑ Winks 1999: S. 135.
- ↑ Chamberlain 2004: S. 176-177.
- ↑ Higman 1999: S. 337.
- ↑ Goveia 1984: S. 3.
- ↑ Higman 1999: S. 6.
- ↑ a b c The Daily Gleaner 1980: S. 13.
- ↑ Goveia 1984: S. 3.
- ↑ Lambert 2005: S. 77.
- ↑ Kale 2002: S. 251.
- ↑ Higman 1999: S. 6.
- ↑ Easton 1957: S. 304.
- ↑ Brereton 1979: S. 255.
- ↑ a b c Moore, Higman, Campbell, Bryan 2003: S. xi.
- ↑ Higman 1999: S. 537-538
- ↑ Moore, Higman, Campbell, Bryan 2003: S. 77.
- ↑ Moore, Higman, Campbell, Bryan 2003: S. 63.
- ↑ Higman 1999: S. 240
- ↑ Higman 1999: S. 538.
- ↑ Chamberlain 2004: S. 170.
- ↑ a b The Daily Gleaner 1985: S. 18.
- ↑ Association of Caribbean Historians 2010.
Literatur
- Brereton|first1=Bridget|title=Review: Finding Aids for Studying the British Caribbean|journal=Latin American Research Review|date=1979|volume=14|issue=1|pages=252–255|jstor=2502840|publisher=Latin American Studies Association|location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|issn=0023-8791}}
- Chamberlain|first1=Mary|title=Elsa Goveia: History and Nation|journal=History Workshop Journal|date=Autumn 2004|volume=58|issue=58|pages=167–190|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/176775/pdf%7Caccess-date=14 January 2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|doi=10.1093/hwj/58.1.167|issn=1363-3554|url-access=subscription |via=Project MUSE}}
- Easton|first1=David K.|title=Book-Reviews - A Study on the Historiography of the British West Indies to the End of the Nineteenth Century. By Goveia Elsa V. (Mexico: Instituto Panamericano de geografía e historia, 1956. Pp. 181)|journal=The Americas|date=January 1957|volume=13|issue=3|pages=303–304|doi=10.2307/978951|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BDBA53F89014F536C325C7097AF62823/S000316150000883Xa.pdf/div-class-title-book-reviews-a-study-on-the-historiography-of-the-british-west-indies-to-the-end-of-the-nineteenth-century-by-goveia-elsa-v-mexico-instituto-panamericano-de-geografia-e-historia-1956-pp-181-div.pdf%7Caccess-date=15 January 2017|publisher=Academy of American Franciscan History|location=Berkeley, California|jstor=978951|issn=0003-1615|url-access=subscription|via=Cambridge University Press}}
- Goveia|first1=Elsa|title=A Tribute to Elsa V. Goveia|journal=Caribbean Quarterly|date=September–December 1984|volume=30|issue=3–4|pages=2–6|jstor=40653546|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England|doi=10.1080/00086495.1984.11672048|issn=0008-6495}}
- Higman|first=B. W.|title=General History of the Caribbean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E12cpltazYgC&pg=PA337%7Cvolume=VI: Methodology and historiography of the Caribbean|year=1999|publisher=UNESCO|location=London, England|isbn=978-92-3-103360-5}}
- Kale|first1=Madhavi|title=Reviewed Works: The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. III. The Nineteenth Century by William Roger Louis; The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. IV. The Twentieth Century by William Roger Louis, Judith Brown; The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. V. Historiography by William Roger Louis, Robin Winks|journal=Social History|date=May 2002|volume=27|issue=2|pages=250–253|jstor=4286892|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England|issn=0307-1022}}
- Lambert|first=David|title=White Creole Culture, Politics and Identity During the Age of Abolition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4QIbHD0nxYC&pg=PA77%7Cyear=2005%7Cpublisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=978-0-521-84131-3}}
- Moore|first1=Brian L.|editor1-last=Knight|editor1-first=Franklin W.|editor2=Henry Louis Gates, Jr|editor2-link=Henry Louis Gates, Jr|title=Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-199-93580-2|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-916?rskey=PihCLS&result=1%7Cchapter=Goveia, Elsa Vesta (1925–1980)}} Vorlage:Subscription needed
- Moore|first1=Brian L.|last2=Higman|first2=B. W.|last3=Campbell|first3=Carl|last4=Bryan|first4=Patrick|title=Slavery, Freedom and Gender: The Dynamics of Caribbean Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3p_dhz9ewjAC&pg=PA77%7Cyear=2003%7Cpublisher=University of the West Indies Press|location=Kingston, Jamaica|isbn=978-976-640-137-5}}
- Wilson-Tagoe|first=Nana|title=Historical Thought and Literary Representation in West Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tzcWohaNY4C&pg=PA29%7Cyear=1998%7Cpublisher=University Press of Florida|location=Gainesville, Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-1582-8}}
- Winks|first=Robin|title=The Oxford History of the British Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2G63IrFXpgC&pg=PA135%7Cvolume=V: Historiography|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-154241-1}}
- The Daily Gleaner|1980}}|author=|title=Dr. Elsa Goveia is dead|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/jm/kingston/kingston/kingston-gleaner/clippings/Obituary-Death-Notice/166180/%7Caccess-date=14 January 2017|newspaper=The Daily Gleaner|date=20 March 1980|location=Kingston, Jamaica|via = Newspaperarchive.com}} Vorlage:Open access
- The Daily Gleaner|1985}}|author=|title=Inaugural Elsa Goveia Memorial Lecture|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/jm/kingston/kingston/kingston-gleaner/clippings/Celebrity/166178/%7Caccess-date=14 January 2017|newspaper=The Daily Gleaner|date=14 March 1985|location=Kingston, Jamaica|via = Newspaperarchive.com}} Vorlage:Open access
- Association of Caribbean Historians|2010}}|author=|title=Past Elsa Goveia Award Recipients|url=http://www.associationofcaribbeanhistorians.org/pastprizes.htm%7Cwebsite=Association of Caribbean Historians|access-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117210148/http://associationofcaribbeanhistorians.org/pastprizes.htm%7Carchive-date=17 November 2016|date=2010}}
- Library of the University of the West Indies|2017}}|author=|title=Professor Elsa Goveia|url=http://www.mona.uwi.edu/library/professor-elsa-goveia%7Cwebsite=The Library|publisher=University of the West Indies, Mona Campus|access-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114192202/http://www.mona.uwi.edu/library/professor-elsa-goveia%7Carchive-date=14 January 2017|location=Kingston, Jamaica|date=2017}}
- The Daily Gleaner|1989}}|author=|title=Views of the Islands|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/jm/kingston/kingston/kingston-gleaner/clippings/Celebrity/166181/%7Caccess-date=14 January 2017|newspaper=The Daily Gleaner|date=5 June 1989|location=Kingston, Jamaica|via = Newspaperarchive.com.
[[Kategorie:
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1925]]
[[Kategorie:Gestorben 1980]]
[[Kategorie:Frau]]
{{Personendaten
|NAME= Goveia, Elsa
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN= Elsa Vesta Goveia (voller Name)
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG= Historikerin aus Guyana
|GEBURTSDATUM= 12. April 1925
|GEBURTSORT= [[Britisch-Guayana]]
|STERBEDATUM= 18. März 1980
|STERBEORT=
}} Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:University of the West Indies academics]]
[[Category:British Guiana people]]
[[Category:Women educators]]
[[Category:Women historians]]
[[Category:20th-century women writers]]
[[Category:Afro-Guyanese people]]
[[Category:20th-century Guyanese historians]]
[[Category:Guyanese expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Guyanese expatriates in Jamaica]]