Benutzer:Shi Annan/Tsien Tsuen-hsuin

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Tsien Tsuen-hsuin (chinesisch 

錢存訓

, Pinyin

Qián Cúnxùn

, W.-G.

Ch'ien2 Ts'un2-hsün4

; auch: T.H. Tsien; geb. 11. Januar 1910; gest. 9. April 2015) war ein chinesischer Sinologe und Bibliothekar, der auch als Professor of Chinese literature und Library science (Bibliothekswissenschaften) an der University of Chicago wirkte. Er war dort Kurator der East Asian Library von 1949 bis 1978. Er ist bekannt für seine Studien zur Geschichte des Chinesischen Buchhandwerks, Chinesische Bibliographie, Paläographie, sowie Wissenschaft und Technologie, speziell für die Geschichte des Papiers und des Drucks in China (s. Paper and Printing, Volume 5 Pt 1 in Joseph Needhams Science and Civilisation in China).[1] Er riskierte sein Leben beim Schmuggeln von zehntausenden seltener Bücher aus dem Japanisch-besetzten China während des Zweiten Weltkrieges.[2]

Leben

Jugend

Tsien wurde am 11. Januar 1910 geboren.[3] Er stammte aus Taixian (dem heutigen Taizhou), Provinz Jiangsu, aus einer prominenten Familie, welche sich auf den König Qian Liu, Gründer des Wuyue-Reiches zurückführte.[2][4] He began the memoir of his life by saying "I was born during the reign of the last Emperor of the Imperial Dynasty."[5] Sein Vater Qian Weizhen (chinesisch 

錢慰貞

)[4] war ein prominenter Gelehrter des Buddhismus und sein Urgroßvater Qian Guisen (chinesisch 

錢桂森

)[4] ein Mitglied der Hanlin Academy.[6]

Tsien began his education with a private tutor in 1916, and then entered Taixian No. 2 Senior Elementary School. He became active in political agitation when he was a student at Huaidong High School (now Taizhou High School).[4][7] After graduating in 1925, he joined the "Youth Society" in Taizhou and edited its journal. Due to their political activities, Tsien and his colleagues were arrested by the Jiangsu warlord Sun Chuanfang. His family managed to secure his release, but the principal of Huaidong High School was executed.[4] Unable to remain in Taizhou, he left for Nanking (Nanjing) and never returned to his hometown again.[4] In 1927, he enlisted in the army to take part in the Northern Expedition's military campaign to unite China under the Nationalist government.[8]

Karriere

Tsien entered University of Nanking in 1928 and graduated in 1932 with a degree in history and a minor in library science. He went on to the Jiaotong University Library in Shanghai. He then worked at the Nanking branch of the National Library. In 1936, he married Hsu Wen-chin. In early 1937, the National Library transferred him to the Shanghai branch to curate a large group of rare books and manuscripts which the government had sent there in 1931 when the Japanese army had invaded Manchuria.[9]

1941 war with the United States meant that this group of books and manuscripts would no longer be safe even in Shanghai. Tsien packed some 30,000 of them for shipment to the United States for safekeeping. In order to evade Japanese confiscation, he marked them as new books and waited to ship them in small groups at times when he knew a friendly Chinese customs worker was on duty.[2] He later recalled "had the Japanese occupying forces discovered this subterfuge, and that I had personally been responsible in this task, I would most likely have been executed."[5] The Library of Congress microfilmed the collection to make it widely available.[2]

After the end of World War II, Tsien was sent to the United States in 1947 to manage the repatriation of these volumes. However, the Chinese Civil War precluded shipping the books and his own return to China. In the mid-1960s, the United States gave the books to Taiwan, where the Republic of China government had retreated after losing the civil war. They are currently at the National Palace Museum in Taipei.[2]

Herrlee Glessner Creel, Professor of Chinese an der University of Chicago, invited "T.H.", as his friends called him, to catalog the roughly 100.000 Chinese books in the collection Creel had built. At Creel's suggestion, Tsien enrolled in the Library School, and soon was curator of the Far Eastern Library and professorial lecturer in Chinese literature in the Department of Oriental Languages and Literature. Tsien also earned Masters and Doctoral degrees in the Library School.[10] He received a Ph.D. at Chicago in 1957; his dissertation was published by the University of Chicago Press in 1962 as Written on Bamboo and Silk:The Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions.[11]

Tsien was especially concerned to build relations of cooperation between China and other countries. His master's thesis, "Western Impact on China Through Translation," was published as an article in 1954,[12] and the 1869 donation of books by the emperor in Beijing to the Library of Congress was the subject of a 1964 article.[13] His concern with scholarly communication between East and West led him to translate his English writings into Chinese and his Chinese writings into English.

Another major activity was encouraging the development of Chinese collections outside China and the promotion of librarianship as a profession.[14] Many Chinese librarians received their training under his example and instruction, including ones who gained leading positions at Harvard-Yenching Library, Princeton University's Gest Library, and the Library of Congress.[15]

In his nineties Tsien helped with the revision and proofreading for the 2nd edition of his Written on Bamboo and Silk, which appeared in 2004, and arranged for it to be translated into Chinese.[16]

Tsien died on April 9, 2015 in Chicago, at the age of 105.[1]

Family

Tsien's wife, Wen-ching Hsu (chinesisch 

许文锦

, 1916-2008), was one of the earliest teachers of Chinese at University of Chicago. She died in 2008. The couple had three daughters, Ginger Tsien (1936-2008), Mary Tsien Dunkel, and Gloria Tsien (b. 1940). Tsien's nephew, Xiaowen Qian, is an assistant to the curator for the East Asian Collection of University of Chicago.[1]

Honors and awards

Tsien received a Distinguished Alumni Award from University of Chicago and also from Nanjing University.[17] The National Library of China gave him the Distinguished Service Award in 1999. In 2007, Nanjing University established the T. H. Tsien Library in his honor. He donated thousands of books from his own collection to the library.[2]

Publikationen (Auswahl)

  • A History of Bibliographic Classification in China. In: The Library Quarterly. vol. 22, 4. 1952: S. 307–324. jstor = 4304148 doi = 10.1086/617916
  • Western Impact on China through Translation. In: The Far Eastern Quarterly. vol. 13, 3. 1954: S. 305–327. jstor = 2942281 doi = 10.2307/2942281
  • mit G. Raymond Nunn: Far Eastern Resources in American Libraries. University of Chicago, Chicago 1959.
  • First Chinese-American Exchange of Publications. In: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. vol. 25, 1964: S. 19–30. jstor = 2718337 doi = 10.2307/2718337
  • Current Status of East Asian Collections in American Libraries. In: Journal of Asian Studies. ceal.lib.ku.edu 1975.
  • Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1985. google books isbn = 9780521086905
  • Collected Writings on Chinese Culture. Chinese University Press 2011. google books ISBN 978-9629964221
  • Written on Bamboo and Silk: The Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions. University of Chicago Press 2013. ISBN 9780226814162 (2nd edition, mit Edward Shaughnessy).

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b c Tsuen-hsuin "TH" Tsien. In: Chicago Sun-Times. 12. April 2015; Shaughnessy 2015.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Margalit Fox: T.H. Tsien, Scholar of Chinese Written Word, Dies at 105. New York Times. 19. April 2015.
  3. ↑ Cheng 1987: S. 29. Tsien’s date of birth is sometimes given as December 1, 1909, which stems from an alternative rendering of his birth date according to the Chinese calendar; Tsien occasionally used this date during his life.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f 著名汉学家钱存训在美病逝 享年105岁. (Famous Sinologist Tsien Tsuen-hsuin dies in the United States at the age of 105 |language=Chinese |date=April 13, 2015 |work=China News
  5. ↑ a b T.H. Tsien Turns 100 Tableau Spring 2010
  6. ↑ Cheng 1987: S. 29.
  7. ↑ Cheng 1987: S. 29
  8. ↑ Shaughnessy 2015.
  9. ↑ Cheng 1987: 30.
  10. ↑ Cheng 1987: S. 30.
  11. ↑ Shaughnessy 2015.
  12. ↑ Tsien 1954; Tsien 1975.
  13. ↑ Tsien 1964.
  14. ↑ Cheng 1987: S. 32.
  15. ↑ Tsien|2011|p=xii
  16. ↑ Tsien|2011|p=xi
  17. ↑ Tsien 2011: S. xii.

Works cited

Other sources

  • Lothar von Falkenhausen: Written on Bamboo and Silk: The Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions (Review). In: Technology and Culture. vol. 46, 2. 2005: S. 410–411. Muse doi=10.1353/tech.2005.0072
  • David Tod Roy: Ancient China: Studies in Early Civilization. Chinese University Press, Hong Kong 1978. ISBN 9622011446 Festschrift in Tsien's honor.
Anmerkung: Bei diesem Artikel wird der Familienname vor den Vornamen der Person gesetzt. Das ist die übliche Reihenfolge im Chinesischen. Tsien - Qián ist hier somit der Familienname, Cúnxùn ist der Vorname.

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