Diskussion:Hawaii/Archiv/2013
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Besiedlung überarbeiten
In diesem Abschnitt wird hauptsächlich ein polynesisches Boot beschrieben, kaum etwas aber über die Besiedlung von Hawaii ausgesagt.--Decius (Diskussion) 05:14, 30. Mär. 2013 (CET)
- Auch dieser Satz ist nicht objektiv: "Sie navigierten nach den Sternen, nach der Dünung, nach Wolkenbildung und -zug und nach Vogelschwärmen." sie versuchten wohl eher nach Wolken, Vogleschwärmen usw. zu navigieren. Denn tatsächlich ist es unmöglich danach zu navigieren. Genauso gut könnte man eine Wegbeschreibung geben wie: "an der pissenden Kuh vorbei, dann rechts...." Sry. Die Toten erzählen nicht von ihren Misserfolgen und die anderen "glauben". --188.110.102.196 09:36, 29. Jun. 2013 (CEST)
- Den offensichtlichen Unfug mit "zielgenau über tausende Kilometer eine ganz bestimmte Insel ansteuern" habe ich schon mal rausgenommen bzw. umfomuliert in "eine Insel suchen". Ansonsten habe ich über Polynesien#Besiedlung diese Exkursion mit polynesischen Mitteln gefunden und darüber diesen etwas längeren Artikel gefunden, der die Besiedlung und dessen Erforschung verständlich beschreibt. Hab aber grad keine Lust, den genau durchzuarbeiten und in Kurzform einzuarbeiten. Hat jemand anders Bock?
- Ansonsten muss man übrigens mal sagen, dass die polynesischen Gene und Sprachverwandschaft in Madagaskar wesentlich krasser ist als Hawaii! --Lorenzo (Diskussion) 01:49, 18. Dez. 2013 (CET)
- Habe etwas recherchiert: Dennis Kawaharada: Voyaging Chiefs of Havaiʻi. In: Kawaharada, Dennis; Henry, Teuira: Voyaging Chiefs of Havai’i. Honolulu, HI: Kalamakū Press, 1995. ISBN 9780962310256
- The voyaging was all the more remarkable in that is was done in canoes carved with tools of stone, bone, and coral; lashed with handmade fiber; and navigated without instruments by expert seafarers who depended on their observations and knowledge of the ocean, sky, and birds for clues to the direction and location of islands. (p. VII)
- A knowledge of seasonal patterns was the basis of prediction. Daily, the navigator watched the condition of the sea and the direction of the swells, the color of the sky and the shapes, colors, and movement of clouds overhead to anticipate approaching weather. (pp. VIII-IX)
- To navigate hundreds of miles without instruments required an extensive, detailed knowledge of the ocean and sky. And without charts and plotting devices, the navigator had to memorize his course, sometimes over a period of weeks. [...] However, modern voyages by Micronesians who still practice a form of traditional navigation and by Hawaiians and other Polynesians who have recovered this lost ancestral art have shown that navigation relying on natural signs for direction and on memorization of one's course was accurate enough to guide canoes between the farthest reaches of Polynesia. (See Finney, Gladwin, Kyselka, and Lewis.) (p. X)
- Finney, Ben.: Voyage of Rediscovery: A Cultural Odyseey through Polynesia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, ISBN 0-520-08002-5
- Gladwin, Thomas: East Is a Big Bird: navigation and logic on Puluwat atoll. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970, ISBN 978-0-674-22426-1
- Kyselka, Will: An Ocean in Mind. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8248-1112-7
- Lewis, David: The Voyaging Stars: Secrets of the Pacific Island Navigators. New York: W.W. Norton, 1978, ISBN 0-393-03226-4
- Lewis, David: We, the Navigators: The ancient art of landfinding in the Pacific . Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1972, ISBN 9780824802295
- Andia y Varela recorded how Tahitian navigators held their courses by using the wind and swells, and the sun and stars, which seemed to rise from fixed pits along the eastern horizon, pass overhead across the dome of heaven, then set into fixed pits along the western horizon: [...] (Corney 284-286) (p. XI)
- Corney, B.G. (ed.): The Quest and Occupation of Tahiti by Emissaries of Spain during the Years 1772-6 (3 vols.). London: Hakluyt Society, 1913-1919
- Finding islands before they could actually be seen was also part of the art of navigation. The name "Māui" seems to have been an honorific name given to numerous explorers who were capable of "fishing up" (i.e., discovering) islands. The first sign of an unseen island might be land-based birds [...] Swell patterns also provides clues to the direction of islands. [...] If the land is upwind, human, animal, or plant smells and drifting land vegetation might reach the canoe. Other clues to landfall include special cloud shapes over islands [...]; or a glow above an island created by sunlight or moonlight reflecting up from the white sand and smooth water of a lagoon. [...] The Pacific Ocean mariners also use various seamarks to find their way. "As Europeans use landmarks, so the Gilbertese [navigators] use seamarks to check their daily position. These signposts in mid-ocean consist of swarms of fish, flock of birds, groups of driftwood, or conditions of wave and sky ... peculiar to certain zones of the sea. Hundreds of such traditional betia [seamarks] were stored up in the race memory as a result of cumulative experience of generations" (A. Grimble 48) (pp. XI-XII)
- --ThT (Diskussion) 19:52, 20. Jan. 2014 (CET)
