Hope Fault

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<mapframe text="(1)

Alpine Fault

, (2)

Wairau
Fault

, (3)

Awatere
Fault

, (4)

Clarence Fault

, (5)

Hope Fault

, Südinsel, Neuseeland --- Quelle: data.gns.cri.nz/af" width="300" height="300" longitude="172.8" latitude="-41.9" zoom="7">

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Die

Hope Fault

ist eine rund 230 km lange geologische Verwerfung in der Region

Canterbury

auf der Südinsel von Neuseeland. Sie ist ein aktiver Teil der

Marlborough Fault Zone

(

MFZ

)[1] und war maßgeblich an dem

Kaikoura

-Erdbeben der Stärke 7,8 MW vom 14. November 2016 beteiligt.

Geographie

Tal des
Hope River
, in dem die
Hope Fault
längs des Tals verläuft

Die

Hope Fault

verläuft am südwestlichen Rand der

Marlborough Fault Zone

in Ost-West-Richtung und erstreckt sich dabei über 230 km, angefangen von der

Alpine Fault

im Westen bis zur Ostküste der Südinsel nördlich von

Kaikoura

.[1] Nördlich der Verwerfungen verlaufen die

Seaward
Kaikoura
Range

parallel. Die

Hope Fault

wird unter geologischen Gesichtspunkten in verschiedene Segmente eingeteilt, von West nach Ost folgend in das

Harper Pass Segment

, das

Hope River Segment

, das

Conway Segment

, das

Kahutara Segment

, das

Mount Fyffe Segment

und in das

Seaward Segment

. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die beiden Seiten der Verwerfung innerhalb der verschiedenen Segmente gegeneinander verschieben, wird mit zwischen 15 und 42 mm pro Jahr angegeben. Damit weist die

Hope Fault

die höchste Verschiebungsrate in der

Marlborough Fault Zone

auf.[2] Das

Hope River Segment

liegt westlich des

Conway Segment

und bezog seinen Namen durch die Tatsache, dass direkt über dem Teil der Verwerfung der

Hope River

verläuft. Das

Conway Segment

hat eine Länge von rund 70 km und liegt zwischen dem

Kowai
River

und dem

Hanmer Basin

. Es verläuft im Gegensatz zu den anderen Segmenten relativ linear und weist eine Verschiebungsrate von 18 bis 22 mm pro Jahr auf.[3] Es wird vermutet, dass das Segment an zwei Beben in den Jahren 1768 und in den 1830er beteiligt war.

Historische Erdbeben

Das letzte vor dem Jahr 2016 bekannte Erdbeben, an dem die

Hope Fault

maßgeblich beteiligt war, hat laut dem Erdbebenexperten

Holden

der

GNS Science

1888 in dem

Hope River Segment

stattgefunden (siehe

North-Canterbury

-Erdbeben von 1888). Es soll eine Stärke zwischen 7.0 und 7.3 MW aufgewiesen und stellenweise einen horizontalen Versatz von rund 2,50 m erzeugt haben.[4] Basierend auf dieses Ereignis nahm der Experte seine Untersuchungen vor und erwähnte in seiner Veröffentlichung im Jahr 2014, dass aufgrund der tektonischen Bewegungen – der südöstliche Teil der Südinsel Neuseelands bewegt sich mit 36 mm pro Jahr in südwestlicher Richtung[5] – die

Hope Fault

wieder ein Potential der Stärke 7 MW plus aufweisen würde,[6] eine Annahme, die durch das

Kaikoura

-Erdbeben vom 14. November 2016 Bestätigung fand.

Siehe auch

Literatur

  • Robert Langridge, Jocelyn Campbell, Nigel Hill, Verne Pere, James Pope, Jarg Pettinga, Beatriz Estrada, Kelvin Berryman
    :
    Paleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault at Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand
    . In:
    Geoscience Society of New Zealand
    (Hrsg.):
    Annals of Geophysics
    .
    Vol. 46 N. 5
    .
    Wellington
    Oktober 2003, S. 1119–1139 (englisch).
  • C. Holden
    :
    Ground motion modelling of an Alpine fault earthquake and a Hope fault earthquake for main South Island cities (NZ)
    . In:
    GNS Science
    (Hrsg.):
    GNS Science Consultancy Report
    .
    2014/257
    .
    Lower Hutt
    November 2014 (englisch, Online [PDF; 2,6 MB; abgerufen am 22. Januar 2017]).

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b
    Langridge, Campbell, Hill, Pere, Pope, Pettinga, Estrada, Berryman
    :
    Paleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault ...
    . 2003, S. 1119 (englisch).
  2. ↑
    Brendan Duffy, Betsie Hoppera
    :
    New Lidar data reveals slip transfer from 6 the Hope Fault to the Kaikoura Fault
    . Hrsg.:
    Department of Geology, University of Canterbury
    .
    Christchurch
    2015 (englisch, Online [PDF; 1,2 MB; abgerufen am 22. Januar 2017]).
  3. ↑
    Langridge, Campbell, Hill, Pere, Pope, Pettinga, Estrada, Berryman
    :
    Paleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault ...
    . 2003, S. 1121 (englisch).
  4. ↑
    Holden
    :
    GNS Science Consultancy Report 2014/257
    . 2014, S. 12.
  5. ↑
    Holden
    :
    GNS Science Consultancy Report 2014/257
    . 2014, S. 4.
  6. ↑
    Holden
    :
    GNS Science Consultancy Report 2014/257
    . 2014, S. iv.
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