Proteinlokalisationsvorhersage
Die Proteinlokalisationsvorhersage umfasst biochemische und bioinformatische Methoden zur Bestimmung des Ziel-Kompartiments eines Proteins.
Eigenschaften
Proteine werden in Eukaryoten nach ihrer Herstellung im Zytosol oftmals anhand ihrer Signalsequenzen sortiert und ihrem Bestimmungsort zugeführt. Der Zielort kann ein zelluläres Kompartiment wie der Zellkern, das endoplasmatische Retikulum, die Mitochondrien, eventuell die Chloroplasten, die Peroxisomen sein, oder außerhalb der Zelle liegen (bei Exozytose und Sekretion).
In Prokaryoten werden Proteine unter anderem ins Periplasma transportiert oder sezerniert.
Die Lokalisation eines Proteins kann experimentell durch eine Fluoreszenzmikroskopie oder durch eine Proteinsequenzierung (anhand der Signalsequenzen) bestimmt werden, weiterhin kann sie in silico bioinformatisch vorhergesagt werden.[1][2]
Methoden
Die charakteristischen Prädiktoren hängen von der jeweiligen Art ab.[3][4][5][6] Im Folgenden sind einige Methoden zur Lokalisationsvorhersage von Proteinen aufgeführt:[7][8]
- Cell-PLoc[2]
- BaCelLo[9]
- CELLO[10][11]
- ClubSub-P[12]
- Euk-mPLoc 2.0[13]
- CoBaltDB[14]
- HSLpred[15]
- KnowPredsite[16]
- LOCtree[17]
- LocTree2/3[18][19]
- MultiLoc[20]
- PSORT[21]
- PSORTb[22][23]
- MetaLocGramN[24]
- PredictNLS[25]
- Proteome Analyst[26]
- SCLPred[27]
- SecretomeP[28]
- SherLoc[29]
- TargetP[30]
- TMHMM
- WoLF PSORT[31]
- APSLAP[32]
Anwendungen
Die Vorhersage der Lokalisation von Proteinen wird in der Biochemie und Biotechnologie bei der Erzeugung sezernierter rekombinanter Proteine verwendet. In der Pharmakologie sind sezernierte Proteine und Membranproteine oftmals Targets in einem Wirkstoffdesign. Proteine mit fehlerhafter Lokalisation sind unter anderem bei Krebs und bei der Alzheimerschen Krankheit zu finden.
Literatur
- Bork P, Dandekar T, Diaz-Lazcoz Y, Eisenhaber F, Huynen M, Yuan Y: Predicting function: from genes to genomes and back. In: J. Mol. Biol.. 283, Nr. 4, November 1998, S. 707–25. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2144. PMID 9790834.
- Nakai K: Protein sorting signals and prediction of subcellular localization. In: Adv. Protein Chem.. 54, 2000, S. 277–344. doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(00)54009-1. PMID 10829231.
- Emanuelsson O: Predicting protein subcellular localisation from amino acid sequence information. In: Brief. Bioinformatics. 3, Nr. 4, Dezember 2002, S. 361–76. doi:10.1093/bib/3.4.361. PMID 12511065.
- Schneider G, Fechner U: Advances in the prediction of protein targeting signals. In: Proteomics. 4, Nr. 6, Juni 2004, S. 1571–1580. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300786. PMID 15174127.
- Gardy JL, Brinkman FS: Methods for predicting bacterial protein subcellular localization. In: Nat. Rev. Microbiol.. 4, Nr. 10, Oktober 2006, S. 741–51. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1494. PMID 16964270.
- Chou KC, Shen HB: Recent progress in protein subcellular location prediction. In: Anal. Biochem.. 370, Nr. 1, November 2007, S. 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2007.07.006. PMID 17698024.
Weblinks
- Cell Centered Database – Protein subcellular localization data
- Cell-PLoc 2.0 – A recently updated version of Cell-PLoc
- BaCelLo – Balanced subCellular Localization predictor
- CELLO – subCELlular LOcalization predictor for prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- LocTree2/3 – prediction webserver for proteins in all domains of life
- MultiLoc – MultiLoc prediction webserver
- PSORT.org – A portal for protein subcellular localization predictors
- SherLoc – SherLoc prediction webserver
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ Rey S, Gardy JL, Brinkman FS: Assessing the precision of high-throughput computational and laboratory approaches for the genome-wide identification of protein subcellular localization in bacteria. In: BMC Genomics. 6, 2005, S. 162. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-6-162. PMID 16288665. PMC 1314894 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ a b Chou KC, Shen HB: Cell-PLoc: a package of Web servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms (updated version: Cell-PLoc 2.0: An improved package of web-servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms, Natural Science, 2010, 2, 1090–1103). In: Nat Protoc. 3, Nr. 2, 2008, S. 153–62. doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.494. PMID 18274516.
- ↑ Chou, K. C.; Wu, Z. C.; Xiao, X. iLoc-Euk: A Multi-Label Classifier for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Singleplex and Multiplex Eukaryotic Proteins, PLoS ONE, 2011, 6, e18258.
- ↑ Shen HB, Chou KC: A top-down approach to enhance the power of predicting human protein subcellular localization: Hum-mPLoc 2.0. In: Anal. Biochem.. 394, Nr. 2, November 2009, S. 269–74. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.046. PMID 19651102.
- ↑ Chou KC, Shen HB: Plant-mPLoc: a top-down strategy to augment the power for predicting plant protein subcellular localization. In: PLoS ONE. 5, Nr. 6, 2010, S. e11335. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011335. PMID 20596258. PMC 2893129 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Gardy JL, Brinkman FS: Methods for predicting bacterial protein subcellular localization. In: Nat. Rev. Microbiol.. 4, Nr. 10, Oktober 2006, S. 741–51. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1494. PMID 16964270.
- ↑ Nakai, K. Protein sorting signals and prediction of subcellular localization. Adv. Protein Chem., 2000, 54, 277–344.
- ↑ Chou, K. C.; Shen, H. B. Review: "Recent progresses in protein subcellular location prediction" Anal. Biochem 2007, 370, 1–16.
- ↑ Pierleoni A, Martelli PL, Fariselli P, Casadio R: BaCelLo: a balanced subcellular localization predictor. In: Bioinformatics. 22, Nr. 14, Juli 2006, S. e408–16. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl222. PMID 16873501.
- ↑ Yu CS, Lin CJ, Hwang JK: Predicting subcellular localization of proteins for Gram-negative bacteria by support vector machines based on n-peptide compositions. In: Protein Sci.. 13, Nr. 5, Mai 2004, S. 1402–6. doi:10.1110/ps.03479604. PMID 15096640. PMC 2286765 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Yu CS, Chen YC, Lu CH, Hwang JK: Prediction of protein subcellular localization. In: Proteins. 64, Nr. 3, August 2006, S. 643–51. doi:10.1002/prot.21018. PMID 16752418.
- ↑ Nagarajan Paramasivam, Dirk Linke: ClubSub-P is a database of cluster-based subcellular localization (SCL) predictions for Archaea and Gram negative bacteria. In: Frontiers in Microbiology. 2, 2011. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00218. PMID 22073040.
- ↑ Chou KC, Shen HB: A new method for predicting the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins with both single and multiple sites: Euk-mPLoc 2.0. In: PLoS ONE. 5, Nr. 4, 2010, S. e9931. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009931. PMID 20368981. PMC 2848569 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Goudenège D, Avner S, Lucchetti-Miganeh C, Barloy-Hubler F: CoBaltDB: Complete bacterial and archaeal orfeomes subcellular localization database and associated resources. In: BMC Microbiol.. 10, 2010, S. 88. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-88. PMID 20331850. PMC 2850352 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Garg A, Bhasin M, Raghava GP: Support vector machine-based method for subcellular localization of human proteins using amino acid compositions, their order, and similarity search. In: J. Biol. Chem.. 280, Nr. 15, April 2005, S. 14427–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M411789200. PMID 15647269.
- ↑ Lin HN, Chen CT, Sung TY, Ho SY, and Hsu WL.: Protein subcellular localization prediction of eukaryotes using a knowledge-based approach. In: BMC Bioinformatics.. 10, Dezember 2009, S. S8. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-S15-S8. PMID 19958518.
- ↑ Nair R, Rost B: Mimicking cellular sorting improves prediction of subcellular localization. In: J. Mol. Biol.. 348, Nr. 1, April 2005, S. 85–100. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.02.025. PMID 15808855.
- ↑ Goldberg T, Hamp T, Rost B: LocTree2 predicts localization for all domains of life. In: Bioinformatics. 28, 2012, S. i458-i465. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts390. PMID 22962467.
- ↑ Goldberg T, Hecht M, Hamp T, Karl T, Yachdav G, Nielsen H, Rost B et al.: LocTree3 prediction of localization. In: Nucleic Acids Research. 2014. doi:10.1093/nar/gku396. PMID 24848019.
- ↑ Höglund A, Dönnes P, Blum T, Adolph HW, Kohlbacher O: MultiLoc: prediction of protein subcellular localization using N-terminal targeting sequences, sequence motifs and amino acid composition. In: Bioinformatics. 22, Nr. 10, Mai 2006, S. 1158–1165. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl002. PMID 16428265.
- ↑ Nakai K, Kanehisa M: Expert system for predicting protein localization sites in gram-negative bacteria. In: Proteins. 11, Nr. 2, 1991, S. 95–110. doi:10.1002/prot.340110203. PMID 1946347.
- ↑ Gardy JL, Spencer C, Wang K, Ester M, Tusnády GE, Simon I, Hua S, deFays K, Lambert C, Nakai K, Brinkman FS: PSORT-B: Improving protein subcellular localization prediction for Gram-negative bacteria. In: Nucleic Acids Res.. 31, Nr. 13, Juli 2003, S. 3613–7. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg602. PMID 12824378. PMC 169008 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Gardy JL, Laird MR, Chen F, Rey S, Walsh CJ, Ester M, Brinkman FS: PSORTb v.2.0: expanded prediction of bacterial protein subcellular localization and insights gained from comparative proteome analysis. In: Bioinformatics. 21, Nr. 5, März 2005, S. 617–23. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti057. PMID 15501914.
- ↑ Magnus M, Pawlowski M, Bujnicki JM: MetaLocGramN: a meta-predictor of protein subcellular localization for Gram-negative bacteria. In: BBA – Proteins and Proteomics. 1824, Nr. 12, Dezember 2012, S. 1425–1433. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.05.018. PMID 22705560.
- ↑ Nair R, Carter P, Rost B: NLSdb: database of nuclear localization signals. In: Nucleic Acids Res.. 31, Nr. 1, Januar 2003, S. 397–9. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg001. PMID 12520032. PMC 165448 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Lu Z, Szafron D, Greiner R, Lu P, Wishart DS, Poulin B, Anvik J, Macdonell C, Eisner R: Predicting subcellular localization of proteins using machine-learned classifiers. In: Bioinformatics. 20, Nr. 4, März 2004, S. 547–56. PMID 14990451.
- ↑ Mooney C, Wang YH, Pollastri G.: SCLpred: protein subcellular localization prediction by N-to-1 neural networks.. In: Bioinformatics. 27, Nr. 20, Oktober 2011, S. 2812–9. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr494. PMID 21873639.
- ↑ Bendtsen JD, Jensen LJ, Blom N, Von Heijne G, Brunak S: Feature-based prediction of non-classical and leaderless protein secretion. In: Protein Eng. Des. Sel.. 17, Nr. 4, April 2004, S. 349–56. doi:10.1093/protein/gzh037. PMID 15115854.
- ↑ Shatkay H, Höglund A, Brady S, Blum T, Dönnes P, Kohlbacher O: SherLoc: high-accuracy prediction of protein subcellular localization by integrating text and protein sequence data. In: Bioinformatics. 23, Nr. 11, Juni 2007, S. 1410–7. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm115. PMID 17392328.
- ↑ Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G: Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. In: J. Mol. Biol.. 300, Nr. 4, Juli 2000, S. 1005–1016. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3903. PMID 10891285.
- ↑ Horton P, Park KJ, Obayashi T, Fujita N, Harada H, Adams-Collier CJ, Nakai K: WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor. In: Nucleic Acids Res.. 35, Nr. Web Server issue, Juli 2007, S. W585–7. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm259. PMID 17517783. PMC 1933216 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Saravanan V, Lakshmi PTV: APSLAP: an adaptive boosting technique for predicting subcellular localization of apoptosis protein. In: Acta Biotheor. 61, Nr. 4, Dezember 2013, S. 481–497. doi:10.1007/s10441-013-9197-1. PMID 23982307.