Simple Past
Das Simple Past ist eine Zeitform der Verben in der englischen Sprache.
Die deutsche Entsprechung des Simple Past ist das Präteritum und in einem Vergleich mit einigen romanischen Sprachen entspricht es dem spanischen Pretérito perfecto oder Pretérito perfecto compuesto dem französischen Passé composé und dem italienischen Passato remoto.
Bildung
Bei allen Personen wird einfach der Wortstamm verwendet und die Endung „-ed“ angehängt. Wenn ein ′e′ vorhanden ist, wird nur ′d′ angehängt. Verben, die auf ′y′ enden, erhalten die Endung „i+ed“:
- 1. Person Singular: I listened.
- 2. Person Singular: You listened.
- 3. Person Singular: He/She/It listened.
- 1. Person Plural: We listened.
- 2. Person Plural: You listened.
- 3. Person Plural: They listened.
Es gibt auch unregelmäßige Verben, wie zum Beispiel „to speak“:
- 1. Person Singular: I spoke.
- 2. Person Singular: You spoke.
- 3. Person Singular: He/She/It spoke.
- 1. Person Plural: We spoke.
- 2. Person Plural: You spoke.
- 3. Person Plural: They spoke.
Die Verneinung wird mit „did not“ (oder kurz „didn't“) gebildet.
- 1. Person Singular: I did not speak.
- 2. Person Singular: You did not speak.
- 3. Person Singular: He/She/It did not speak.
- 1. Person Plural: We did not speak.
- 2. Person Plural: You did not speak.
- 3. Person Plural: They did not speak.
Frage
Bei der Frageform wird ein „did“ vorangestellt. Speak wird danach nicht ins Simple Past gesetzt, sondern steht im Infinitiv.
- 1. Person Singular: Did I speak?
- 2. Person Singular: Did you speak?
- 3. Person Singular: Did he/she/it speak?
- 1. Person Plural: Did we speak?
- 2. Person Plural: Did you speak?
- 3. Person Plural: Did they speak?
Merke: Das Simple Past ist die erste Vergangenheit. Es drückt aus, wann etwas geschehen ist.
Verwendung
Das Simple Past wird verwendet bei:
- Handlungen in der Vergangenheit, die bereits abgeschlossen sind
- aufeinander folgenden Handlungen in der Vergangenheit
- eintretenden Handlungen, die im Ablauf befindliche Handlungen unterbrechen
- einer Handlung in der Vergangenheit, z. B. von der man weiß, wann sie passiert ist
Außerdem wird es für den If-Satz Typ II, vgl. Bedingungssatz im Deutschen, benötigt.
Folgende Wörter sind Signalwörter für das Simple Past:
- yesterday
- two months ago
- in 2003
- Saturday
- first
- then
- last week
- when
Unregelmäßige Formen (Auswahl)
- to be → was/were
- to become → became
- to begin → began
- to bite → bit
- to blow → blew
- to break → broke
- to bring → brought
- to build → built
- to burn → burned/burnt
- to buy → bought
- to catch → caught
- to choose → chose
- to come → came
- to cost → cost
- to cut → cut
- to dig → dug
- to do → did
- to draw → drew
- to drink → drank
- to drive → drove
- to eat → ate
- to feel → felt
- to fall → fell
- to feed → fed
- to fight → fought
- to find → found
- to fly → flew
- to forbid → forebade
- to forget → forgot
- to get → got
- to give → gave
- to go → went
- to grow → grew
- to hang → hung
- to have → had
- to hear → heard
- to hide → hid
- to hit → hit
- to hold → held
- to hurt → hurt
- to keep → kept
- to know → knew
- to lay → laid
- to learn → learned/learnt
- to leave → left
- to lend → lent
- to let → let
- to lie → lay
- to light → lit
- to lose → lost
- to make → made
- to mean → meant
- to meet → met
- to overtake → overtook
- to pay → paid
- to put → put
- to read → read
- to ride → rode
- to ring → rang
- to run → ran
- to say → said
- to see → saw
- to sell → sold
- to send → sent
- to set → set
- to shine → shone
- to shoot → shot
- to show → showed (die Partizipform shown ist unregelmäßig)
- to shut → shut
- to sing → sang
- to sink → sank
- to sit → sat
- to sleep → slept
- to smell → smelled/smelt
- to speak → spoke
- to spend → spent
- to spill → spilt/spilled
- to split → split
- to spread → spread
- to steal → stole
- to stick → stuck
- to strike → struck
- to swim → swam
- to swing → swung
- to take → took
- to teach → taught
- to tell → told
- to think → thought
- to throw → threw
- to understand → understood
- to wake → woke
- to wear → wore
- to win → won
- to write → wrote
