Benutzer:Dietzel/BioGeo

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Zonale Vegetation

Ökozone Polare Zone Subpolare Zone Boreale Zone Nemorale Zone Kontinentale Zone Mediterrane Zone Laurale Zone Trockene Tropen Wechselfeuchte Tropen Immerfeuchte Tropen
Zonale Vegetation Kältewüste Tundra Borealer Wald, Moor Laubwald, Gemäßigter Regenwald Steppe, Gemäßigte Wüste Hartlaubvegetation, Macchie, Winterfeuchte Steppe Lorbeerwald Wüste Trockenwald, Savanne Tropischer Regenwald
Ökoton Waldtundra
Mischwald
Klimazone Polargebiet Subpolare Zone Gemäßigte Zone Subtropen Tropen

Holdrige life zones

Holdrige life zone en: Polar desert Subpolar dry tundra
Subpolar moist tundra
Subpolar wet tundra
Subpolar rain tundra
Boreal desert
Boreal dry scrub
Boreal moist forest
Boreal wet forest
Boreal rain forest
Cool temperate desert
Cool temperate desert scrub
Cool temperate steppe
Cool temperate moist forest
Cool temperate wet forest
Cool temperate rain forest
Warm temperate desert
Warm temperate desert scrub
Warm temperate thorn scrub
Warm temperate dry forest
Warm temperate moist forest
Warm temperate wet forest
Warm temperate rain forest
Subtropical desert
Subtropical desert scrub
Subtropical thorn woodland
Subtropical dry forest
Subtropical moist forest
Subtropical wet forest
Subtropical rain forest
Tropical desert
Tropical desert scrub
Tropical thorn woodland
Tropical very dry forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical moist forest
Tropical wet forest
Tropical rain forest
Lifezones Pengo.svg

Floristische Regionen

Florenreich Holarktis Paläotropis Neotropis Capensis Australis Antarktis
floristische Region (Takhtajan) zirkumboreale ostasiatische atlantisches Nord-Amerika Rocky Mountains Macaronesien Mittelmeer Saharo-Arabische Irano-Turanische Madrische Guinea-Kongo Usambara-Zululand Sudano-sambesische Karoo-Namib St. Helena & Ascension Madagaskar Indien Indochina Malesien Fidschi Polynesien Hawaii Neukaledonien Karibische Hochland von Guyana Amazonas Brasilien Anden Kap Nordost Südwest Zentral Fernandez Chile-Patagonische Subantarktische Inseln Neuseeländische
floristische Provinz (Takhtajan)[1][2]
  • Arctic
  • Atlantic Europe
  • Central Europe
  • Illyria or Balkan
  • Pontus Euxinus
  • Caucasus
  • Eastern Europe
  • Northern Europe
  • Western Siberia
  • Altai-Sayan
  • Central Siberia
  • Transbaikalia
  • Northeastern Siberia
  • Okhotsk-Kamchatka
  • Canada incl. Great Lakes
  • Manchuria
  • Sakhalin-Hokkaidō
  • Japan-Korea
  • Volcano-Bonin
  • Ryūkyū or Tokara-Okinawa
  • Taiwan
  • Northern China
  • Central China
  • Southeastern China
  • Sikang-Yuennan
  • Northern Burma
  • Eastern Himalaya
  • Khasi-Manipur
  • Appalachians
  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain
  • North American Prairies
  • Vancouver
  • Rocky Mountains
  • Azores
  • Madeira
  • Canaries
  • Cape Verde
  • Southern Morocco
  • Southwestern Mediterranean
  • South Mediterranean
  • Iberia
  • Baleares
  • Liguria-Tyrrhenia
  • Adriatic
  • East Mediterranean
  • Crimea-Novorossijsk
  • Sahara
  • Egypt-Arabia
  • Mesopotamia
  • Central Anatolia
  • Armenia-Iran
  • Hyrcania
  • Turania or Aralo-Caspia
  • Turkestan
  • Northern Baluchistan
  • Western Himalaya
  • Central Tien Shan
  • Dzungaria-Tien Shan
  • Mongolia
  • Tibet
  • Great Basin
  • California
  • Sonora
  • Mexican Highlands
  • Upper Guinea
  • Nigeria-Cameroon
  • Congo
  • Zanzibar-Inhambane
  • Tongoland-Pondoland
  • Zambezi
  • Sahel
  • Sudan
  • Somalia-Ethiopia
  • South Arabia
  • Socotra
  • Oman
  • South Iran
  • Sindia
  • Namibia
  • Namaland
  • Western Cape
  • Karoo
  • St. Helena und Ascension
  • Eastern Madagascar
  • Western Madagascar
  • Southern and Southwestern Madagascar
  • Comoro
  • Mascarenes
  • Seychelles
  • Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
  • Malabar
  • Deccan
  • Upper Gangetic Plain
  • Bengal
  • South Burma
  • Andamans
  • South China
  • Thailand
  • North Indochina
  • Annam
  • South Indochina
  • Malaya
  • Borneo
  • Philippines
  • Sumatra
  • South Malesia
  • Celebes
  • Moluccas and West New Guinea
  • Papua
  • Bismarck Archipelago
  • New Hebrides
  • Fiji
  • Micronesia
  • Polynesia
  • Hawaii
  • New Caledonia
  • Central America
  • West Indies
  • Galápagos Islands
  • Guayana
  • Amazonia
  • Llanos
  • Caatinga
  • Central Brazilian Uplands
  • Chaco
  • Atlantic Brazil
  • Parana
  • Northern Andes
  • Central Andes
  • Kap
  • North Australia
  • Queensland
  • Southeast Australia
  • Tasmania
  • Southwest Australia
  • Eremaea
  • Juan Fernández
  • Northern Chile
  • Central Chile
  • Pampas
  • Patagonia
  • Tierra del Fuego
  • Tristan-Gough
  • Kerguelen
  • Lord Howe
  • Norfolk
  • Kermadec
  • Northern New Zealand
  • Central New Zealand
  • Southern New Zealand
  • Chatham
  • New Zealand Subantarctic Islands

Ökologische Regionen

WWF[3][4]
Udvardy[5][6]
Biogeografisches Reich ->
Ökozone / Biom v
Nearktis Paläarktis Afrotropis Orientalis Neotropis Australasien Ozeanisches Florenreich Antarktis
Polare Zone Tundra Aleuten, Tundra Alaskas, Kanadische Tundra, Arktische Inseln, Tundra Grönlands, Arktische Wüste Arktische Wüste, Nördliche Tundra, Südliche Tundra
Boreale Zone Boreale Wälder Yukon-Taiga, Kanadische Taiga Westliche Eurasische Taiga, Östliche Sibirische Taiga
Nemorale Zone Gemäßigte Laubwälder Östliche Wälder, Austroriparisch Island, Subarktischer Birkenwald, Laubwälder Kamtschatkas, Laubwälder der Britischen Inseln, Westeuropäischer Wald (atlantisch), Boreonemoraler Wald (Baltikum), Mitteleuropäischer Wald, Pannonien, Westanatolien, Manchu-Japanischer Mischwald, Orientalischer laubabwerfender Wald
  • Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
  • Northern Triangle temperate forests
  • Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
Valdivianischer Regenwald, Chilenischer Nothofagus-Wald, Chilenischer Araucaria-Wald Neozealandia
Gemäßigte Nadelwälder Sitka, Oregon
  • Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
  • Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
Kontinentale Zone Steppe Great Basin, Grasland Turanische (Kasachische) Wüste / Strauchsteppe, Talka-Makan-Gobi-Wüste, Tibetanische Wüste, Iranische Wüste, Atlas-Steppe, Pontische Steppe, Mongolisch-Mandschurische Steppe
  • Al Hajar Al Gharbi montane woodlands
  • Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands
  • Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands
Patagonien, Argentinische Pampa, Pampa Uruguays
  • Australian Alps montane grasslands
  • Central Range sub-alpine grasslands
  • Southland montane grasslands
Mediterrane Zone Hartlaubvegetation, Macchie Kalifornien Iberischees Hochland, Mittelmeer-Sklerophyll
  • Kap-Sklerophyll
  • Albany thickets
  • Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
  • Montane fynbos and renosterveld
Chilenischer Sklerophyll
  • Westaustralischer Sklerophyll
  • Ostaustralischer Sklerophyll
  • Brigalow
  • Coolgardie woodlands
  • Esperance mallee
  • Eyre and York mallee
  • Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands
  • Mount Lofty woodlands
  • Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee
  • Naracoorte woodlands
  • Southwest Australia savanna
  • Southwest Australia woodlands
  • Swan Coastal Plain scrub and woodlands
Laurale Zone Tropische und Subtropische feuchte Laubwälder Chinesischer subtropischer Wald, Japanischer immergrüner Wald Brasilianischer laubabwerfender Regenwald, Brasilianischer Araucaria-Wald
Trockene Tropen Wüste und Trockenbusch Sonora-Wüste, Chihuahua-Wüste, Tamaulipas-Wüste Sahara, Arabische Wüste, Anatolisch-Iranische Wüste
  • Westliche Sahel
  • Östliche Sahel
  • Somalische Wüste
  • Namib
  • Kalahari
  • Karroo
  • Aldabra Island xeric scrub
  • Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert
  • East Saharan montane xeric woodlands
  • Eritrean coastal desert
  • Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands
  • Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
  • Hobyo grasslands and shrublands
  • Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub
  • Kalahari xeric savanna
  • Kaokoveld desert
  • Madagascar spiny thickets
  • Madagascar succulent woodlands
  • Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands
  • Nama Karoo
  • Namib desert
  • Namibian savanna woodlands
  • Red Sea coastal desert
  • Socotra Island xeric shrublands
  • Somali montane xeric woodlands
  • Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna
  • Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands
  • Succulent Karoo
  • Wüste Thar
  • Deccan thorn scrub forests
  • Indus Valley desert
  • Northwestern thorn scrub forests
  • Thar desert
Pazifische Wüsten (Peru und Atacama), Monte (Argentinien)
  • Westlicher Mulga
  • Zentralwüste
  • Südlicher Mulga
  • Carnarvon xeric shrublands
  • Central Ranges xeric scrub
  • Gibson desert
  • Great Sandy-Tanami desert
  • Great Victoria desert
  • Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands
  • Pilbara shrublands
  • Simpson desert
  • Tirari-Stuart stony desert
  • Western Australian Mulga shrublands
Wechselfeuchte Tropen Tropische und Subtropische trockene Laubwälder
  • Trockenwald und Savanne Westafrikas
  • Trockenwald und Savanne Ostafrikas
  • Trockenwald und Savanne des Kongobeckens
  • Miombo-Wald
  • Trockenwald und Savanne Südafrikas
  • Madegassischer Dornwald
  • Cape Verde Islands dry forests
  • Madagascar dry deciduous forests
  • Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests
  • Indus-Ganges-Monsunwald
  • Burmesischer Monsunwald
  • Thailändischer Monsunwald
  • Mahanadian
  • Coromandel
  • Ceylonesischer Monsunwald
  • Deccan-Dornwald
  • Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
  • Central Indochina dry forests
  • Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests
  • East Deccan dry-evergreen forests
  • Irrawaddy dry forests
  • Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests
  • Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
  • Northern dry deciduous forests
  • South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
  • Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests
  • Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests
  • Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
Everglades, Trockenwald von Sinaloa, Trockenwald von Guerrero, Trockenwald Yucatans, Zentralamerikanischer Trockenwald, Venezolanischer Trockenwald, Venezolan laubabwerfender Wald, Ecuadorianischer Trockenwald, Caatinga, Gran Chaco
  • Trockenwald der australischen Nordküste
  • Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
  • New Caledonia dry forests
  • Sumba deciduous forests
  • Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
Savanne, Trockenbusch, Grasland
  • Madagaskar-Dornbusch
  • Angolan Miombo woodlands
  • Angolan Mopane woodlands
  • Ascension scrub and grasslands
  • Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands
  • East Sudanian savanna
  • Eastern Miombo woodlands
  • Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
  • Itigi-Sumbu thicket
  • Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
  • Mandara Plateau mosaic
  • Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
  • Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
  • Sahelian Acacia savanna
  • Serengeti volcanic grasslands
  • Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
  • Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
  • Southern Africa bushveld
  • Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
  • Southern Miombo woodlands
  • St. Helena scrub and woodlands
  • Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic
  • West Sudanian savanna
  • Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
  • Western Zambezian grasslands
  • Zambezian and Mopane woodlands
  • Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands
  • Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
Llanos, Campos Limpos, Babacu, Campos Cerrados
  • Savanne Nordaustraliens
  • Grasland Nordaustraliens
  • Grasland und Savanne Ostaustraliens
  • Arnhem Land tropical savanna
  • Brigalow tropical savanna
  • Cape York tropical savanna
  • Carpentaria tropical savanna
  • Einasleigh upland savanna
  • Kimberly tropical savanna
  • Mitchell grass downs
  • Trans Fly savanna and grasslands
  • Victoria Plains tropical savanna
Tropische und Subtropische Nadelwälder
  • Himalayan subtropical pine forests
  • Luzon tropical pine forests
  • Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests
  • Sumatran tropical pine forests
Überflutete Savanne
  • East African halophytics
  • Etosha Pan halophytics
  • Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna
  • Lake Chad flooded savanna
  • Saharan flooded grasslands
  • Zambezian coastal flooded savanna
  • Zambezian flooded grasslands
  • Zambezian halophytics
  • Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
Immerfeuchte Tropen Tropische und Subtropische feuchte Laubwälder
  • Guinea-Regenwald
  • Kongo-Regenwald
  • Madagaskar-Regenwald
  • Albertine Rift montane forests
  • Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests
  • Cameroonian Highlands forests
  • Central Congolian lowland forests
  • Comoros forests
  • Cross-Niger transition forests
  • Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests
  • East African montane forests
  • Eastern Arc forests
  • Eastern Congolian swamp forests
  • Eastern Guinean forests
  • Ethiopian montane forests
  • Granitic Seychelles forests
  • Guinean montane forests
  • Knysna-Amatole montane forests
  • KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic
  • Madagascar lowland forests
  • Madagascar subhumid forests
  • Maputaland coastal forest mosaic
  • Mascarene forests
  • Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests
  • Niger Delta swamp forests
  • Nigerian lowland forests
  • Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
  • Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
  • Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
  • Sao Tome and Principe moist lowland forests
  • Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
  • Western Congolian swamp forests
  • Western Guinean lowland forests
  • Malabar-Regenwald
  • Ceylonesischer Regenwald
  • Bengalischer Regenwald
  • Burmesischer Regenwald
  • Indochinesischer Regenwald
  • Südchinesischer Regenwald
  • Malaysischer Regenwald
  • Andaman Islands rain forests
  • Borneo lowland rain forests
  • Borneo montane rain forests
  • Borneo peat swamp forests
  • Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
  • Cardamom Mountains rain forests
  • Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests
  • Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests
  • Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
  • Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests
  • Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
  • Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests
  • Eastern Java-Bali rain forests
  • Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
  • Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
  • Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests
  • Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests
  • Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests
  • Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
  • Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
  • Luang Prabang montane rain forests
  • Luzon montane rain forests
  • Luzon rain forests
  • Malabar Coast moist forests
  • Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
  • Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • Mentawai Islands rain forests
  • Mindanao montane rain forests
  • Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
  • Mindoro rain forests
  • Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests
  • Myanmar coastal rain forests
  • Nicobar Islands rain forests
  • North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
  • North Western Ghats montane rain forests
  • Northern Annamites rain forests
  • Northern Indochina subtropical forests
  • Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests
  • Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests
  • Northern Triangle subtropical forests
  • Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests
  • Orissa semi-evergreen forests
  • Palawan rain forests
  • Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
  • Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests
  • Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
  • Red River freshwater swamp forests
  • South China Sea Islands
  • South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
  • South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
  • South Western Ghats montane rain forests
  • Southern Annamites montane rain forests
  • Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests
  • Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
  • Sri Lanka montane rain forests
  • Sulu Archipelago rain forests
  • Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
  • Sumatran lowland rain forests
  • Sumatran montane rain forests
  • Sumatran peat swamp forests
  • Sundaland heath forests
  • Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
  • Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
  • Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests
  • Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests
  • Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
  • Western Java montane rain forests
  • Western Java rain forests
  • Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
  • Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
  • South Taiwan monsoon rain forests
  • Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
Campeche-Regenwald, Panamanischer Regenwald, Kolumbischer Küsten-Regenwald, Regenwald Guayanas, Amazonischer Regenwald, Madeirischer Regenwald, Regenwald der Serra do Mar
  • Queensland-Küsten-Regenwald
  • Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests
  • Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests
  • Biak-Numfoor rain forests
  • Buru rain forests
  • Central Range montane rain forests
  • Halmahera rain forests
  • Huon Peninsula montane rain forests
  • Yapen rain forests
  • Lord Howe Island subtropical forests
  • Louisiade Archipelago rain forests
  • New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests
  • New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests
  • New Caledonia rain forests
  • Norfolk Island subtropical forests
  • Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests
  • Northern New Guinea montane rain forests
  • Queensland tropical rain forests
  • Seram rain forests
  • Solomon Islands rain forests
  • Southeastern Papuan rain forests
  • Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests
  • Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests
  • Sulawesi lowland rain forests
  • Sulawesi montane rain forests
  • Trobriand Islands rain forests
  • Vanuatu rain forests
  • Vogelkop montane rain forests
  • Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests
Gras- und Gebüschformationen der Hochlagen
Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation
Rocky Mountains, Sierra-Cascade, Madrean-Cordilleran Schottisches Hochland, Zentraleuropäisches Hochland, Balkan-Hochland, Kaukasisch-Iranisches Hochland, Altai, Pamir-Tien Shan, Hindukush, Himalaya, Setschuan-Hochland
  • Äthiopisches Hochland
  • Guinea-Hochland
  • Zentralafrikanische Hochländer
  • Ostafrikanische Hochländer
  • Südafrikanische Hochländer
  • Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic
  • Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands
  • Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
  • Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
  • East African montane moorlands
  • Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic
  • Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
  • Ethiopian montane moorlands
  • Highveld grasslands
  • Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic
  • Madagascar ericoid thickets
  • Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets
  • Ruwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands
  • South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic
  • Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic
  • Kinabalu montane alpine meadows
Nördliche Anden, Kolumbianische Gebirge, Yungas (andiner Nebelwald), Puna, Südliche Anden
  • Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands
  • Eastern Australia mulga shrublands
  • Southeast Australia temperate savanna
Mangrove
  • Central African mangroves
  • East African mangroves
  • Guinean mangroves
  • Madagascar mangroves
  • Southern Africa mangroves
  • Goadavari-Krishna mangroves
  • Indochina mangroves
  • Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves
  • Myanmar Coast mangroves
  • Sunda Shelf mangroves
  • Sundarbans mangroves
  • New Guinea mangroves
Inseln Makaronesien, Ryukyu-Inseln Ascension und St Helena, Komoren und Aldabra, Maskarenen Seychellen und Amirantes-Insen, Laccadiven, Malediven und Chagos-Inseln, Cocos-Keeling- und Weihnachtsinseln, Andamanen und Nicobaren, Sumatra, Java, Kleine Sunda-Inseln, Celebes, Borneo, Philippinen, Taiwan Bahamas-Bermudas, Cuba, Große Antillen, Kleine Antillen, Revilla Gigedo Island, Cocos Island, Galapagos, Fernando de Noronja Island, South Trindade Island Papua, Mikronesien, Hawaii, Südöstliches Polynesien, Zentrales Polynesien, Neu Kaledonien, Östliches Melanesien
Seen Great Lakes Ladoga-See, Aral-See, Baikal-See Rudolf-See, Victoria-See, Tanganjika-See, Malawi-See Titicaca-See

Nordamerika

  • Society of American Foresters: Forest cover types of the United States and Canada
  • FRES


Fußnoten

  1. Takhtajan, Armen, 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. (übers. von T.J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of California Press, Berkeley.
  2. en:Phytochorion
  3. en:List of ecoregions
  4. [1]
  5. en:List of biogeographic provinces
  6. [2]