WWF[3][4] Udvardy[5][6] Biogeografisches Reich -> Ökozone / Biom v |
Nearktis |
Paläarktis |
Afrotropis |
Orientalis |
Neotropis |
Australasien |
Ozeanisches Florenreich |
Antarktis
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Polare Zone |
Tundra |
Aleuten, Tundra Alaskas, Kanadische Tundra, Arktische Inseln, Tundra Grönlands, Arktische Wüste |
Arktische Wüste, Nördliche Tundra, Südliche Tundra |
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Boreale Zone |
Boreale Wälder |
Yukon-Taiga, Kanadische Taiga |
Westliche Eurasische Taiga, Östliche Sibirische Taiga |
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Nemorale Zone |
Gemäßigte Laubwälder |
Östliche Wälder, Austroriparisch |
Island, Subarktischer Birkenwald, Laubwälder Kamtschatkas, Laubwälder der Britischen Inseln, Westeuropäischer Wald (atlantisch), Boreonemoraler Wald (Baltikum), Mitteleuropäischer Wald, Pannonien, Westanatolien, Manchu-Japanischer Mischwald, Orientalischer laubabwerfender Wald |
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- Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
- Northern Triangle temperate forests
- Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
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Valdivianischer Regenwald, Chilenischer Nothofagus-Wald, Chilenischer Araucaria-Wald |
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Neozealandia
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Gemäßigte Nadelwälder |
Sitka, Oregon |
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- Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
- Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
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Kontinentale Zone |
Steppe |
Great Basin, Grasland |
Turanische (Kasachische) Wüste / Strauchsteppe, Talka-Makan-Gobi-Wüste, Tibetanische Wüste, Iranische Wüste, Atlas-Steppe, Pontische Steppe, Mongolisch-Mandschurische Steppe |
- Al Hajar Al Gharbi montane woodlands
- Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands
- Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands
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Patagonien, Argentinische Pampa, Pampa Uruguays |
- Australian Alps montane grasslands
- Central Range sub-alpine grasslands
- Southland montane grasslands
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Mediterrane Zone |
Hartlaubvegetation, Macchie |
Kalifornien |
Iberischees Hochland, Mittelmeer-Sklerophyll |
- Albany thickets
- Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
- Montane fynbos and renosterveld
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Chilenischer Sklerophyll |
- Westaustralischer Sklerophyll
- Ostaustralischer Sklerophyll
- Brigalow
- Coolgardie woodlands
- Esperance mallee
- Eyre and York mallee
- Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands
- Mount Lofty woodlands
- Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee
- Naracoorte woodlands
- Southwest Australia savanna
- Southwest Australia woodlands
- Swan Coastal Plain scrub and woodlands
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Laurale Zone |
Tropische und Subtropische feuchte Laubwälder |
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Chinesischer subtropischer Wald, Japanischer immergrüner Wald |
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Brasilianischer laubabwerfender Regenwald, Brasilianischer Araucaria-Wald |
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Trockene Tropen |
Wüste und Trockenbusch |
Sonora-Wüste, Chihuahua-Wüste, Tamaulipas-Wüste |
Sahara, Arabische Wüste, Anatolisch-Iranische Wüste |
- Westliche Sahel
- Östliche Sahel
- Somalische Wüste
- Namib
- Kalahari
- Karroo
- Aldabra Island xeric scrub
- Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert
- East Saharan montane xeric woodlands
- Eritrean coastal desert
- Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands
- Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
- Hobyo grasslands and shrublands
- Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub
- Kalahari xeric savanna
- Kaokoveld desert
- Madagascar spiny thickets
- Madagascar succulent woodlands
- Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands
- Nama Karoo
- Namib desert
- Namibian savanna woodlands
- Red Sea coastal desert
- Socotra Island xeric shrublands
- Somali montane xeric woodlands
- Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna
- Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands
- Succulent Karoo
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- Deccan thorn scrub forests
- Indus Valley desert
- Northwestern thorn scrub forests
- Thar desert
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Pazifische Wüsten (Peru und Atacama), Monte (Argentinien) |
- Westlicher Mulga
- Zentralwüste
- Südlicher Mulga
- Carnarvon xeric shrublands
- Central Ranges xeric scrub
- Gibson desert
- Great Sandy-Tanami desert
- Great Victoria desert
- Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands
- Pilbara shrublands
- Simpson desert
- Tirari-Stuart stony desert
- Western Australian Mulga shrublands
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Wechselfeuchte Tropen |
Tropische und Subtropische trockene Laubwälder |
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- Trockenwald und Savanne Westafrikas
- Trockenwald und Savanne Ostafrikas
- Trockenwald und Savanne des Kongobeckens
- Miombo-Wald
- Trockenwald und Savanne Südafrikas
- Madegassischer Dornwald
- Cape Verde Islands dry forests
- Madagascar dry deciduous forests
- Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests
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- Indus-Ganges-Monsunwald
- Burmesischer Monsunwald
- Thailändischer Monsunwald
- Mahanadian
- Coromandel
- Ceylonesischer Monsunwald
- Deccan-Dornwald
- Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
- Central Indochina dry forests
- Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests
- East Deccan dry-evergreen forests
- Irrawaddy dry forests
- Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests
- Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
- Northern dry deciduous forests
- South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
- Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests
- Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests
- Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
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Everglades, Trockenwald von Sinaloa, Trockenwald von Guerrero, Trockenwald Yucatans, Zentralamerikanischer Trockenwald, Venezolanischer Trockenwald, Venezolan laubabwerfender Wald, Ecuadorianischer Trockenwald, Caatinga, Gran Chaco |
- Trockenwald der australischen Nordküste
- Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
- New Caledonia dry forests
- Sumba deciduous forests
- Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
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Savanne, Trockenbusch, Grasland |
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- Angolan Miombo woodlands
- Angolan Mopane woodlands
- Ascension scrub and grasslands
- Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands
- East Sudanian savanna
- Eastern Miombo woodlands
- Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
- Itigi-Sumbu thicket
- Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
- Mandara Plateau mosaic
- Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
- Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
- Sahelian Acacia savanna
- Serengeti volcanic grasslands
- Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
- Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
- Southern Africa bushveld
- Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
- Southern Miombo woodlands
- St. Helena scrub and woodlands
- Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic
- West Sudanian savanna
- Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
- Western Zambezian grasslands
- Zambezian and Mopane woodlands
- Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands
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- Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
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Llanos, Campos Limpos, Babacu, Campos Cerrados |
- Savanne Nordaustraliens
- Grasland Nordaustraliens
- Grasland und Savanne Ostaustraliens
- Arnhem Land tropical savanna
- Brigalow tropical savanna
- Cape York tropical savanna
- Carpentaria tropical savanna
- Einasleigh upland savanna
- Kimberly tropical savanna
- Mitchell grass downs
- Trans Fly savanna and grasslands
- Victoria Plains tropical savanna
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Tropische und Subtropische Nadelwälder |
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- Himalayan subtropical pine forests
- Luzon tropical pine forests
- Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests
- Sumatran tropical pine forests
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Überflutete Savanne |
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- East African halophytics
- Etosha Pan halophytics
- Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna
- Lake Chad flooded savanna
- Saharan flooded grasslands
- Zambezian coastal flooded savanna
- Zambezian flooded grasslands
- Zambezian halophytics
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- Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
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Immerfeuchte Tropen |
Tropische und Subtropische feuchte Laubwälder |
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- Guinea-Regenwald
- Kongo-Regenwald
- Madagaskar-Regenwald
- Albertine Rift montane forests
- Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests
- Cameroonian Highlands forests
- Central Congolian lowland forests
- Comoros forests
- Cross-Niger transition forests
- Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests
- East African montane forests
- Eastern Arc forests
- Eastern Congolian swamp forests
- Eastern Guinean forests
- Ethiopian montane forests
- Granitic Seychelles forests
- Guinean montane forests
- Knysna-Amatole montane forests
- KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic
- Madagascar lowland forests
- Madagascar subhumid forests
- Maputaland coastal forest mosaic
- Mascarene forests
- Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests
- Niger Delta swamp forests
- Nigerian lowland forests
- Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
- Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
- Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
- Sao Tome and Principe moist lowland forests
- Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
- Western Congolian swamp forests
- Western Guinean lowland forests
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- Malabar-Regenwald
- Ceylonesischer Regenwald
- Bengalischer Regenwald
- Burmesischer Regenwald
- Indochinesischer Regenwald
- Südchinesischer Regenwald
- Malaysischer Regenwald
- Andaman Islands rain forests
- Borneo lowland rain forests
- Borneo montane rain forests
- Borneo peat swamp forests
- Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
- Cardamom Mountains rain forests
- Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests
- Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests
- Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
- Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests
- Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
- Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests
- Eastern Java-Bali rain forests
- Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
- Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
- Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests
- Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests
- Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests
- Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
- Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
- Luang Prabang montane rain forests
- Luzon montane rain forests
- Luzon rain forests
- Malabar Coast moist forests
- Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
- Meghalaya subtropical forests
- Mentawai Islands rain forests
- Mindanao montane rain forests
- Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
- Mindoro rain forests
- Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests
- Myanmar coastal rain forests
- Nicobar Islands rain forests
- North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
- North Western Ghats montane rain forests
- Northern Annamites rain forests
- Northern Indochina subtropical forests
- Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests
- Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests
- Northern Triangle subtropical forests
- Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests
- Orissa semi-evergreen forests
- Palawan rain forests
- Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
- Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests
- Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
- Red River freshwater swamp forests
- South China Sea Islands
- South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
- South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
- South Western Ghats montane rain forests
- Southern Annamites montane rain forests
- Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests
- Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
- Sri Lanka montane rain forests
- Sulu Archipelago rain forests
- Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
- Sumatran lowland rain forests
- Sumatran montane rain forests
- Sumatran peat swamp forests
- Sundaland heath forests
- Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
- Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
- Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests
- Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests
- Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
- Western Java montane rain forests
- Western Java rain forests
- Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
- Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
- South Taiwan monsoon rain forests
- Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
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Campeche-Regenwald, Panamanischer Regenwald, Kolumbischer Küsten-Regenwald, Regenwald Guayanas, Amazonischer Regenwald, Madeirischer Regenwald, Regenwald der Serra do Mar
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- Queensland-Küsten-Regenwald
- Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests
- Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests
- Biak-Numfoor rain forests
- Buru rain forests
- Central Range montane rain forests
- Halmahera rain forests
- Huon Peninsula montane rain forests
- Yapen rain forests
- Lord Howe Island subtropical forests
- Louisiade Archipelago rain forests
- New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests
- New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests
- New Caledonia rain forests
- Norfolk Island subtropical forests
- Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests
- Northern New Guinea montane rain forests
- Queensland tropical rain forests
- Seram rain forests
- Solomon Islands rain forests
- Southeastern Papuan rain forests
- Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests
- Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests
- Sulawesi lowland rain forests
- Sulawesi montane rain forests
- Trobriand Islands rain forests
- Vanuatu rain forests
- Vogelkop montane rain forests
- Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests
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Gras- und Gebüschformationen der Hochlagen Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation |
Rocky Mountains, Sierra-Cascade, Madrean-Cordilleran |
Schottisches Hochland, Zentraleuropäisches Hochland, Balkan-Hochland, Kaukasisch-Iranisches Hochland, Altai, Pamir-Tien Shan, Hindukush, Himalaya, Setschuan-Hochland |
- Äthiopisches Hochland
- Guinea-Hochland
- Zentralafrikanische Hochländer
- Ostafrikanische Hochländer
- Südafrikanische Hochländer
- Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic
- Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands
- Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
- Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
- East African montane moorlands
- Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic
- Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
- Ethiopian montane moorlands
- Highveld grasslands
- Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic
- Madagascar ericoid thickets
- Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets
- Ruwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands
- South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic
- Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic
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- Kinabalu montane alpine meadows
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Nördliche Anden, Kolumbianische Gebirge, Yungas (andiner Nebelwald), Puna, Südliche Anden |
- Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands
- Eastern Australia mulga shrublands
- Southeast Australia temperate savanna
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Mangrove |
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- Central African mangroves
- East African mangroves
- Guinean mangroves
- Madagascar mangroves
- Southern Africa mangroves
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- Goadavari-Krishna mangroves
- Indochina mangroves
- Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves
- Myanmar Coast mangroves
- Sunda Shelf mangroves
- Sundarbans mangroves
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Inseln |
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Makaronesien, Ryukyu-Inseln |
Ascension und St Helena, Komoren und Aldabra, Maskarenen |
Seychellen und Amirantes-Insen, Laccadiven, Malediven und Chagos-Inseln, Cocos-Keeling- und Weihnachtsinseln, Andamanen und Nicobaren, Sumatra, Java, Kleine Sunda-Inseln, Celebes, Borneo, Philippinen, Taiwan |
Bahamas-Bermudas, Cuba, Große Antillen, Kleine Antillen, Revilla Gigedo Island, Cocos Island, Galapagos, Fernando de Noronja Island, South Trindade Island |
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Papua, Mikronesien, Hawaii, Südöstliches Polynesien, Zentrales Polynesien, Neu Kaledonien, Östliches Melanesien |
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Seen |
Great Lakes |
Ladoga-See, Aral-See, Baikal-See |
Rudolf-See, Victoria-See, Tanganjika-See, Malawi-See |
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Titicaca-See
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