Benutzer:HaCeMei/List of Bagpipes

Westeuropa

Frankreich

Boha aus der Gascogne

• Musette de cour: Französische Vorfahrin der Northumbrian pipes, die sowohl in der Volksmusik als auch in klassischen Kompositionen am französischen Hof des 18. Jahrhunderts verwendet wurde. Die Bauweise des Rankettborduns wurde in jüngster Zeit bei einer mundgeblasenen Scottish smallpipe wiederbelebt.
• Biniou (oder biniou koz "alte Sackpfeife"): eine mundgeblasene Sackpfeife aus der Bretagne. Es ist die bekannteste Sackpfeife Frankreichs. In Blaskapellen, sogenannten bagadoù, werden auch Great Highland Bagpipes unter der Bezeichnung biniou braz ("große Sackpfeife") verwendet.
• Veuze: ist in Westfrankreich in der Gegend von Nantes bis in die bretonischen Marschen verbreitet.
• Cabrette: mit Blasebalg, wird in der Auvergne in Zentralfrankreich gespielt.
• Chabrette (oder chabretta): aus dem Limousin (Zentralfrankreich).
• Bodega (oder craba): findet sich im Languedoc (Südfrankreich), wird aus einem ganzen Ziegenfell hergestellt.
• Boha: findet sich in der Gascogne und in den Landes (Südwestfrankreich).
• Musette bressane: findet sich in Bresse (Ostfrankreich), bemerkenswert ist, dass sie keinen seperaten Bordun hat, sondern Bordun und Melodierohr in dasselbe Stück Holz gebohrt sind.
• Cornemuse du Centre (oder musette du centre): in Zentralfrankreich gibt es unterschiedliche Formen, von denen einige mundgeblasen sind. Sie finden sich in Bourbonnais, Berry, Nivernais und Morvan und haben unterschiedliche Tonarten.
• Chabrette poitevine: stammt aus dem Poitou (westliches Zentralfrankreich), ist heute jedoch sehr selten.

The Netherlands and Belgium

• Doedelzak (or pijpzak): found in Flanders and the Netherlands, this type of bagpipe was made famous in the paintings of Pieter Brueghel the Elder; died out, but revived in the late 20th century.
• Muchosa (or muchosac): found in the Hainaut province of Wallonia, in southern Belgium, and previously known down into the north of France as far as Picardy

Germany

• Dudelsack: German bagpipe with two drones and one chanter. Also called Schäferpfeife (shepherd pipe) or Sackpfeife. The drones are sometimes fit into one stock and do not lie on the player's shoulder but are tied to the front of the bag.
• Mittelaltersackpfeife: Reconstruction of medieval bagpipes after descriptions by Michael Praetorius and depictions by Albrecht Durer, among others. While the exterior is reconstructed from these sources, the interior and sound are often similar to the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe. Commonly tuned in A minor and used by musical groups specialising in medieval tunes. Often to be seen at medieval festivals and markets.
• Huemmelchen: small bagpipe with the look of a small medieval pipe or a Dudelsack. The sound is similar to that of the Uilleann pipes, or sometimes the smallpipes. Seldom louder than 60 or 70 dB.
• Dudy or kozoł (Lower Sorbian kózoł) are large types of bagpipes (in E flat) played among the (originally) Slavic-speaking Sorbs of Eastern Germany, near the borders with both Poland and the Czech Republic; smaller Sorbian types are called dudki or měchawa (in F). Yet smaller is the měchawka (in A, Am) known in German as Dreibrümmchen. The dudy/kozoł has a bent drone pipe that is hung across the player’s shoulder, and the chanter tends to be curved as well.

Switzerland

• Schweizer Sackpfeife (Swiss bagpipe): In Switzerland, the Sackpfiffe was a common instrument in the folk music from the Middle Ages to the early 18th century, documented by iconography and in written sources. It had one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds.

Austria

• Bock (literally, male goat): a bellows-blown pipe with large bells at the end of the single drone and chanter

Ireland

• Uilleann pipes: Bellows-blown bagpipe with keyed or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators). The most common type of bagpipes in Irish traditional music.
• Great Irish Warpipes: Carried by most Irish regiments of the British Army (except the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers) until the late 1960s, when the Great Highland Bagpipe became standard. The Warpipe differed from the latter only in having a single tenor drone.
• Brian Boru bagpipes: Carried by the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and had three drones, one of which was a baritone, pitched between bass and tenor. Unlike the chanter of the Great Highland Bagpipe, its chanter is keyed, allowing for a greater tonal range.
• Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it developed into the modern uilleann bagpipe.

United Kingdom

Kathryn Tickell playing a "16 keyed" Northumbrian smallpipe.

• Great Highland Bagpipe: the world's most commonly played bagpipe.
• Northumbrian smallpipes: a smallpipe with a closed end chanter played in staccato.
• Border pipes: also called the "Lowland Bagpipe", commonly confused with smallpipes, but much louder. Played in the Lowlands of Scotland, and in England near the Anglo-Scottish border. Conically bored, sounding similar in timbre to the Highland pipes, but partially or fully chromatic.
• Scottish smallpipes: a modern re-interpretation of an extinct instrument. Derived from the Northumbrian pipes by Colin Ross and others.
• Cornish bagpipes: an extinct type of double chanter bagpipe from Cornwall (southwest England); there are currently attempts being made to revive it on the basis of literary descriptions and iconographic representations.
• Welsh pipes (walisisch pibe cyrn, pibgod): Of two types, one a descendant of the pibgorn, the other loosely based on the Breton Veuze. Both are mouthblown with one bass drone.
• Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it was developed into the modern Uilleann bagpipe.
• English bagpipes: with the exception of the Northumbrian smallpipes, no English bagpipes maintained an unbroken tradition. However, music enthusiasts are attempting to "reconstruct" various English bagpipes based on descriptions and representations, but no actual physical evidence.
• Zetland pipes: a reconstruction of pipes believed to have been brought to the Shetland Islands by the Vikings, though not clearly historically attested.

Northern Europe

Traditional Swedish bagpipes, säckpipa, made by Leif Eriksson

Sweden

• Säckpipa: Also the Swedish word for "bagpipe" in general, this instrument was on the brink of extinction in the first half of the 20th century. It has a cylindrical bore and a single reed, as well as a single drone at the same pitch as the bottom note of the chanter.

Latvia

• Dūdas: Latvian bagpipe, with single reed chanter and one drone.

Lithuania

• Sekminių ragelis: a bagpipe native to Lithuania.

Estonia

• Torupill: an Estonian bagpipe with one single-reeded chanter and 1-3 drones.^MP3

Finland

• Säkkipilli: The Finnish bagpipes died out but have been revived since the late 20th century by musicians such as Petri Prauda.

Eastern Europe

A Serbian bagpiper

• Volynka (ukrainisch Волинка), (russisch Волынка): It is a Slavic bagpipe. Its etymology comes from the region in which it was most popular - Volyn in Ukraine.
• Dudy (also known by the German name Bock): Czech bellows-blown bagpipe with a long, crooked drone and chanter that curves up at the end.
• Dudy or kozoł (Lower Sorbian kózoł) are large types of bagpipes (in E flat) played among the (originally) Slavic-speaking Sorbs of Eastern Germany, near the borders with both Poland and the Czech Republic; smaller Sorbian types are called dudki or měchawa (in F). Yet smaller is the měchawka (in A, Am) known in German as Dreibrümmchen. The dudy/kozoł has a bent drone pipe that is hung across the player’s shoulder, and the chanter tends to be curved as well.
• Cimpoi is the name for the Romanian bagpipes. Two main categories of bagpipes were used in Romania: with a double chanter and with a single chanter. Both have a single drone and straight bore chanter and is less strident than its Balkan relatives.
• Magyar duda or Hungarian duda (also known as tömlősíp, bőrduda and Croatian duda) has a double chanter (two parallel bores in a single stick of wood, Croatian versions have three or four) with single reeds and a bass drone. It is typical of a large group of pipes played in the Carpathian Basin.

Poland

Dudy wielkopolskie (man) and Kozioł czarny (woman)

• Koza ("goat" or kozioł (buck), or gajdy) is the generic term for Polish bagpies. They are sometimes also wrongly named kobza. They are used in folk music of Podhale, Żywiec Beskids, Cieszyn Silesia and mostly in Greater Poland, where there are known to be four basic variants of bagpipes:
  • Dudy wielkopolskie (Greater Polish bagpipes) with two subtypes: Rawicz-Gostyń and Kościan-Buk
  • Kozioł biały (or kozioł biały weselny)
  • Kozioł czarny (or kozioł czarny ślubny)
  • Sierszeńki

The Balkans

• Gaida (also the large kaba gaida from the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria): Southern Balkan (i.e. Bulgarian and Macedonian) and Greek and Albanian bagpipe with one drone and one chanter
• Istarski mih (Piva d'Istria): a double chantered, droneless Croatian bagpipe whose side by side chanters are cut from a single rectangular piece of wood. They are typically single reed instruments, using the Istrian scale.
• Gajdy or gajde: the name for various bagpipes of Eastern Europe, found in Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and Croatia.
• Duda, used in some parts of Croatia

Southern Europe

Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain)

Gaita is a generic term for "bagpipe" in Spanish, Portuguese, Galego, Asturian, Catalan and Aragonese, for distinct bagpipes used in across northern Spain and Portugal, and down the eastern coast of Spain and the Balearic Islands. Just like "Northumbrian smallpipes" or "Great Highland bagpipes," each country and region attributes its toponym to the respective gaita name. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands have been formed in some traditions.

A piper with his gaita sanabresa

• Sac de gemecs: used in Catalonia (eastern Spain).
• Xeremia: played in Majorca, often accompanying the flabiol and drum.
• Galician gaita: traditional bagpipe used in Galicia and Northern and Central Portugal.
• Gaita de boto: native to Aragon, distinctive for its tenor drone running parallel to the chanter.
• Gaita de saco: native to Soria, La Rioja, Alava, and Burgos in north-central Spain. Possibly the same as the lost gaita de fuelle of Old Castile.
• Gaita asturiana: native to Asturias. Very similar to the gaita gallega but of heavier construction with an increased capability for octave jumps and chromatic notes.
• Gaita transmontana (or gaita mirandesa): native to the Tras-os-Montes region of Portugal.
• Gaita sanabresa: played in Puebla de Sanabria, in the Zamora province of western Spain
• Gaita cabreiresa (or gaita lionesa): an extinct but revived pipe native to Leon
• Gaita alistana: played in Aliste

Italy

• Zampogna (also called ciaramella, ciaramedda, or surdullina): A generic name for an Italian bagpipe, with different scale arrangements for two chanters (for different regions of Italy), and from one to three drones (single drone versions can sound a fifth, in relation to the chanter keynote).
• Piva: used in northern Italy (Bergamo, Emilia), and bordering regions of Switzerland such as Ticino. A single chantered, single drone instrument, with double reeds, often played in accompaniment to a shawm, or piffero.
• Baghèt: similar to the piva, played in the region of Bergamo (see: lmo:Baghèt)
• See also the Launeddas of Sardinia. While not strictly a bagpipe in that it has no bag and is played in the mouth by circular breathing, it is nonetheless a cousin and likely ancestor of the Italian zampogna, in that it has two chanters and a drone, all single reed. They vary, according to the tradition, from about a foot long to almost a meter in length.

Malta

• Żaqq (with definite article: iż-żaqq): The most common form of Maltese bagipes. A double-chantered, single-reed, droneless hornpipe.
• Qrajna: a smaller Maltese bagpipeVorlage:Fact

Greece

• Askomandoura (griechisch ασκομαντούρα): bagpipe used in Crete^photo
• Tsampouna (griechisch τσαμπούνα): Greek Islands bagpipe with a double chanter, no drone and a bag made from an entire goatskin. Pronounced "saw-bow-nah". (Alternately tsambouna, tsabouna, etc.)

Southwest Asia

Anatolia

Pontic bagpipe/dankiyo/tulum consist of: 1. Post - Skin (bag): Animal Skin, 2. Fisaktir - blowpipe: Wood or Bone, 3. Avlos - flute: Wood & Reeds, 4 . Kalame - Reeds: Reeds

• Dankiyo: A word of Greek origin for "bagpipe" used in the Trabzon Province of Turkey.
• Tulum or Guda: double-chantered, droneless bagpipe of Rize and Artvin provinces of Turkey. Usually played by the Laz and Hamsheni people.
• Gaida: Usually played by Thracians, Turks, and Pomaks in Turkey.

The Caucasus

• Parkapzuk (armenisch Պարկապզուկ): A droneless horn-tipped bagpipe played in Armenia
• Gudastviri (georgisch გუდასტვირი): A double-chantered horn-tipped bagpipe played in Georgia. Also called a chiboni or stviri.

Iran

• Ney anban (Persian: نی انبان): Persian bagpipe from the south of Iran; bag made from animal skin.

Arab states of the Persian Gulf

• Habban (Arabic: حبان): a generic term covering several types of bapipes, including traditional Bedouin bagpipes in Kuwait, and a modern version of the Great Highland Bagpipes played in Oman.
• Jirba (قربة): a type of double-chantered droneless bagpipe, primarily played by the ethnic Iranian minority of Bahrain.

North Africa

Libya

• Zokra (arabisch زكرة): famous in Libya; bagpipe with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.

Tunisia

• Mizwad (arabisch مِزْود; plural مَزاود mazāwid): Tunisian bagpipes with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.

Algeria

• Ghaita (غيطه): a type of bagpipe played in Algeria.

References

[[Category:Bagpipes]] [[Category:Lists of musical instruments|Bagpipes]]