Benutzer:Prolineserver/Nabla

Operation	Kartesische Koordinaten (x,y,z)	Zylinderkoordinaten (ρ,φ,z)	Kugelkoordinaten (r,θ,φ)
Definition der Koordinaten		$\left[{\begin{matrix}x&=&\rho \cos \phi \\y&=&\rho \sin \phi \\z&=&z\end{matrix}}\right.$	$\left[{\begin{matrix}x&=&r\sin \theta \cos \phi \\y&=&r\sin \theta \sin \phi \\z&=&r\cos \theta \end{matrix}}\right.$
		$\left[{\begin{matrix}\rho &=&{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}\\\phi &=&\operatorname {atan2} \left(y,x\right)\\z&=&z\end{matrix}}\right.$	$\left[{\begin{matrix}r&=&{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}\\\theta &=&\arccos \left(z/r\right)\\\phi &=&\operatorname {atan2} \left(y,x\right)\end{matrix}}\right.$
${\overrightarrow {\mathbf {A} }}$	$A_{x}\mathbf {\hat {x}} +A_{y}\mathbf {\hat {y}} +A_{z}\mathbf {\hat {z}}$	$A_{\rho }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\rho }}}+A_{\phi }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}+A_{z}{\boldsymbol {\hat {z}}}$	$A_{r}{\boldsymbol {\hat {r}}}+A_{\theta }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\theta }}}+A_{\phi }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}$
$\operatorname {grad\ } f=\nabla f$	${\partial f \over \partial x}\mathbf {\hat {x}} +{\partial f \over \partial y}\mathbf {\hat {y}} +{\partial f \over \partial z}\mathbf {\hat {z}}$	${\partial f \over \partial \rho }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\rho }}}+{1 \over \rho }{\partial f \over \partial \phi }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}+{\partial f \over \partial z}{\boldsymbol {\hat {z}}}$	${\partial f \over \partial r}{\boldsymbol {\hat {r}}}+{1 \over r}{\partial f \over \partial \theta }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\theta }}}+{1 \over r\sin \theta }{\partial f \over \partial \phi }{\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}$
$\operatorname {div\ } {\overrightarrow {\mathbf {A} }}=\nabla \cdot {\overrightarrow {\mathbf {A} }}$	${\partial A_{x} \over \partial x}+{\partial A_{y} \over \partial y}+{\partial A_{z} \over \partial z}$	${1 \over \rho }{\partial \left(\rho A_{\rho }\right) \over \partial \rho }+{1 \over \rho }{\partial A_{\phi } \over \partial \phi }+{\partial A_{z} \over \partial z}$	${1 \over r^{2}}{\partial \left(r^{2}A_{r}\right) \over \partial r}+{1 \over r\sin \theta }{\partial \over \partial \theta }\left(A_{\theta }\sin \theta \right)+{1 \over r\sin \theta }{\partial A_{\phi } \over \partial \phi }$
$\operatorname {rot\ } {\overrightarrow {\mathbf {A} }}=\nabla \times \mathbf {A}$	${\begin{matrix}\left({\partial A_{z} \over \partial y}-{\partial A_{y} \over \partial z}\right)\mathbf {\hat {x}} &+\\\left({\partial A_{x} \over \partial z}-{\partial A_{z} \over \partial x}\right)\mathbf {\hat {y}} &+\\\left({\partial A_{y} \over \partial x}-{\partial A_{x} \over \partial y}\right)\mathbf {\hat {z}} &\ \end{matrix}}$	${\begin{matrix}\left({1 \over \rho }{\partial A_{z} \over \partial \phi }-{\partial A_{\phi } \over \partial z}\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\rho }}}&+\\\left({\partial A_{\rho } \over \partial z}-{\partial A_{z} \over \partial \rho }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}&+\\{1 \over \rho }\left({\partial \left(\rho A_{\phi }\right) \over \partial \rho }-{\partial A_{\rho } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {z}}}&\ \end{matrix}}$	${\begin{matrix}{1 \over r\sin \theta }\left({\partial \over \partial \theta }\left(A_{\phi }\sin \theta \right)-{\partial A_{\theta } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {r}}}&+\\{1 \over r}\left({1 \over \sin \theta }{\partial A_{r} \over \partial \phi }-{\partial \over \partial r}\left(rA_{\phi }\right)\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\theta }}}&+\\{1 \over r}\left({\partial \over \partial r}\left(rA_{\theta }\right)-{\partial A_{r} \over \partial \theta }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}&\ \end{matrix}}$
$\Delta f=\nabla ^{2}f$	${\partial ^{2}f \over \partial x^{2}}+{\partial ^{2}f \over \partial y^{2}}+{\partial ^{2}f \over \partial z^{2}}$	${1 \over \rho }{\partial \over \partial \rho }\left(\rho {\partial f \over \partial \rho }\right)+{1 \over \rho ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}f \over \partial \phi ^{2}}+{\partial ^{2}f \over \partial z^{2}}$	${1 \over r^{2}}{\partial \over \partial r}\left(r^{2}{\partial f \over \partial r}\right)+{1 \over r^{2}\sin \theta }{\partial \over \partial \theta }\left(\sin \theta {\partial f \over \partial \theta }\right)+{1 \over r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }{\partial ^{2}f \over \partial \phi ^{2}}$
$\Delta \mathbf {A} =\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {A}$	$\Delta A_{x}\mathbf {\hat {x}} +\Delta A_{y}\mathbf {\hat {y}} +\Delta A_{z}\mathbf {\hat {z}}$	${\begin{matrix}\left(\Delta A_{\rho }-{A_{\rho } \over \rho ^{2}}-{2 \over \rho ^{2}}{\partial A_{\phi } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\rho }}}&+\\\left(\Delta A_{\phi }-{A_{\phi } \over \rho ^{2}}+{2 \over \rho ^{2}}{\partial A_{\rho } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}&+\\\left(\Delta A_{z}\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {z}}}&\ \end{matrix}}$	${\begin{matrix}\left(\Delta A_{r}-{2A_{r} \over r^{2}}-{2A_{\theta }\cos \theta \over r^{2}\sin \theta }-{2 \over r^{2}}{\partial A_{\theta } \over \partial \theta }-{2 \over r^{2}\sin \theta }{\partial A_{\phi } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {r}}}&+\\\left(\Delta A_{\theta }-{A_{\theta } \over r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }+{2 \over r^{2}}{\partial A_{r} \over \partial \theta }-{2\cos \theta \over r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }{\partial A_{\phi } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\theta }}}&+\\\left(\Delta A_{\phi }-{A_{\phi } \over r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }+{2 \over r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }{\partial A_{r} \over \partial \phi }+{2\cos \theta \over r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }{\partial A_{\theta } \over \partial \phi }\right){\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}&\end{matrix}}$
Differential displacement	$d\mathbf {l} =dx\mathbf {\hat {x}} +dy\mathbf {\hat {y}} +dz\mathbf {\hat {z}}$	$d\mathbf {l} =d\rho {\boldsymbol {\hat {\rho }}}+\rho d\phi {\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}+dz{\boldsymbol {\hat {z}}}$	$d\mathbf {l} =dr\mathbf {\hat {r}} +rd\theta {\boldsymbol {\hat {\theta }}}+r\sin \theta d\phi {\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}$
Differential normal area	${\begin{matrix}d\mathbf {S} =&dydz\mathbf {\hat {x}} +\\&dxdz\mathbf {\hat {y}} +\\&dxdy\mathbf {\hat {z}} \end{matrix}}$	${\begin{matrix}d\mathbf {S} =&\rho d\phi dz{\boldsymbol {\hat {\rho }}}+\\&d\rho dz{\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}+\\&\rho d\rho d\phi \mathbf {\hat {z}} \end{matrix}}$	${\begin{matrix}d\mathbf {S} =&r^{2}\sin \theta d\theta d\phi \mathbf {\hat {r}} +\\&r\sin \theta drd\phi {\boldsymbol {\hat {\theta }}}+\\&rdrd\theta {\boldsymbol {\hat {\phi }}}\end{matrix}}$
Differential volume	$dv=dxdydz\,$	$dv=\rho d\rho d\phi dz\,$	$dv=r^{2}\sin \theta drd\theta d\phi \,$
Non-trivial calculation rules: $\operatorname {div\ grad\ } f=\nabla \cdot \left(\nabla f\right)=\nabla ^{2}f=\Delta f$ \left(Laplace-Operator\right) $\operatorname {rot\ grad\ } f=\nabla \times \left(\nabla f\right)=0$ $\operatorname {div\ rot\ } \mathbf {A} =\nabla \cdot \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {A} \right)=0$ $\operatorname {rot\ rot\ } \mathbf {A} =\nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {A} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {A} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {A}$ $\Delta fg=f\Delta g+2\nabla f\cdot \nabla g+g\Delta f$ Graßmannscher Entwicklungssatz für das Kreuzprodukt: $\mathbf {A} \times \left(\mathbf {B} \times \mathbf {C} \right)=\mathbf {B} \left(\mathbf {A} \cdot \mathbf {C} \right)-\mathbf {C} \left(\mathbf {A} \cdot \mathbf {B} \right)$

• Note: This page uses standard physics notation; some \left(American mathematics\right) sources define θ as the angle with the $xy$-plane instead of $\phi$.
• Note: The function atan2\left(y, x\right) is used instead of the mathematical function arctan\left(y/x\right) due to its domain and image. The classical arctan\left(y/x\right) has an image of \left(-π/2, +π/2\right), whereas atan2\left(y, x\right) is defined to have an image of \left(-π, π].