Benutzer:Radh/Anthropologen, Boas Schüler und Mitarbeiter

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Es ist auf englisch, weil es als Ergänzung zum englischen Franz Boas Artikel gedacht war. Viele seiner Schüler hatten nie etwas mit Deutschland zu tun, wurden nicht übersetzt und auch kaum hier gelesen.


Listed here are a) a few Boas co-workers and fellow scientists, like Laufer or Zelia Nuttall, but b) all of his Ph.D. students (I could find).

Ph.D's in Anthropology

Of the 106 doctorates awarded in anthropology between 1939-40 and 1945-46, 87 came from Harvard (24), Columbia 819), Chicago (12), Pennsylvania (12), yale (11) and the University of California, Berkeley (9). Lit.: American Anthropological Association News Bulletin, 2 [Nov.], 1948. <Marshall (et alii; eds.): American Anthropology in Micronesia, U. of Hawai'i Press, p. 12>

There were 7 PhDs in anthropology at Columbia from 1901 to 1907 (or 1910; L. G. Mosses, The Indian Man (on James Mooney, p. 199 calls en:Leo J. Frachtenberg the 7th. Boas/Columbia PhD) and (Esther Schiff Goldfrank says) around 40 from 1920 to 1940. I have found ca. 21 men (many between 1907 and 1920) and 11 women (some post-1940) with Columbia University PhDs. Boas supervised disertations also at Clark and Harvard. Some Boas pupils had PhDs from Berkeley or Philadelphia. A few had PhDs in other subjects. Many, esp. female students published serious work in anthropology without a PhD in anthropology (like Elsie Clews Parsons) or without any PhD. Gene Weltfish (and perhaps others?) could not afford to have their thesis printed/published and so long had no degree.

Source for the number 40 (20 for men, 20 for women) is Julia S. Falk, Women, Language and Linguistics, p. 111, based on Esther Schiff Goldfrank's autobiography from 1978, Notes..., p. 18.

Boas' s Students
  • 1892; Chamberlain (Clark)
  • 1900; Dixon (Harvard);
  • 1900; Swanton (Harvard); some say "under Boas"
  1. 1901; Alfred Louis Kroeber (1. Boas PhD at Columbia)
  2. 1904; William Jones
  3. 1907; Lewis
  4. 1908; Lowie
  5. 1909; Edward Sapir
  6. 1910; Goldenweiser
  7. 1910; Louis J. Frachtenberg
  8. 1910; Waterman
  9. 1911; Radin
  10. 1914; Cole
  11. 1915; Haeberlin


Non-PhD-students of Boas'?: M. J. Andrade, George A, Dorsey, Pliny Earle Goddard, James A. Mason (linguist?), Thelma Adamson (1901-1938/letters to Boas 1926; 1934 book: Folk-Tales of the Coast Salish, friend of George Herzog, hired with Jacobs), Laura Watson Benedict (with Clara Kern Bayliss, Fletcher Gardner, Berton L. Maxfield: Philippine Folk-Tales). Early 20th-century Columbia sociologists interested in Boasian anthropology included William Fielding Ogburn, <Stephen O. Murray: The Reception of Anthropological Work in American Sociology, 1921-1951. In: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 24, 1988, pp. 135-151.> Malcolm Willey, F. Stuart Chapin, Frank Hankins, Horace W. Odum and Bernard J. Stern. Their teacher in sociology had been Franklin Giddings (Ogburn's and also Elsie Clews Parsons' teacher), Ogburn was a teacher of M. Mead (his assistant for a time).

  1. en:Alexander Francis Chamberlain, BA 1886 (modern languages, ethnology), MA (ethnology) 1889, from 1890 at Clark, the first US-university with a postgraduate programm in anthropology: His teacher Boas gave him the 1st PhD in anthropology in the USA (1892). He succeeded Boas as teacher at Clark in 1892, later professor of anthropology there. [Source:mnsu.edu.] Boas wrote his obituary.
  2. en:Fay-Cooper Cole, Columbia PhD 1914. [Source: E. Britannica].
  3. Roland Burrage Dixon, Harvard, Peabody Museum, Jessup Expedition. In 1900 Harvard PhD, with Boas [Source: mnsu.edu]. Sometimes said to have been the first PhD student of Boas.
  4. en:Livingston Farrand, took part in the Jesup Expedition, from 1903 professor for anthropology at Columbia University [Source: Cornell.edu site/linked on enWP]. Then at Colorado U. and then president of Cornell U..
  5. en:Arthur Fauset, Civil Rights activist, Harlem Renaissance, writer and long time educator. Studied anthropolgy because of Frank G. Speck. Early collector of Afro-american folklore (1.: Nova Scotia) for Boas and esp. for Elsie Clews Parsons. From Philadelphia. there BA 1921, MA 1923, PhD 1942 [source: mnsu.edu, websites].
  6. en:Leo J. Frachtenberg, PhD from Columbia, 1910 [ James Mooney biography: L. G. Mosses, The Indian Man (also interesting on the WW 1 and "spies" crisis)]
  7. Gilberto Freyre: Columbia MA, 1922 [source: [1] (Brazilian online biography)], not PhD (as is often said) [another source: published remarks by Sally and Richard Price].
  8. en:Manuel Gamio, Zelia Nuttall recommended him to Boas, he studied at Columbia from 1909 to 1911, then made his MA (some say PhD) [no source I can remember].
  9. Alexander Alexandrovich Goldenweiser, PhD 1910 [Source: E. Britannica].
  10. Irving Goldman, one of the last graduate students of Boas in the 1930s, PhD in 1941 [Source: Irving Goldman Papers].
  11. Herman Karl Haeberlin [only on German, deWP], PhD 1915 [1 source: Internet Archive copy of the diss.]. Said to have been a favorite of Boas'. Died early.
  12. en:Jules Henry, PhD 1935 [Source: Jules Henry Papers].
  13. Melville Jean Herskovits, studied with Boas from 1920-'23, 1923 PhD [Source: Melville Jean Herskovits Papers].
  14. George Herzog, Hungarian, Ethnomusicologist, worked with Erich von Hornbostel, late 1920s: Emigration to the USA, studied with Boas (and prob. also with Sapir?). Taught at Indiana University (the best thing on Herzog I could find so far is in a book by en:Bruno Nettl).
  15. en:E. Adamson Hoebel, studied with Benedict, Boas, also with Ralph Linton. Diss. on primitive law (not one of Boas' strong points it seems). Columbia PhD 1934 [Source: E. A. Hoebel Papers].
  16. en:George Hunt (ethnologist), Tlingit. Very important for Boas.
  17. Gudmund Hutt, Norwegian (I think), specialist in Skandinavian anthropology. He studied in the late 1920s with Boas, but not for a degree it seems. Very scarce information on him on the net. He was married to the artist Emilie Demant.
  18. en:Melville Jacobs, MA in history, 1931 PhD in anthropology, Columbia U. [Source: M. Jacobs Papers].
  19. en:William Jones (anthropologist) (not on German WP). BA from Harvard, Columbia PhD in 1904 [Source: Curtis M. Hinsley, Encyclopedia of North American Indians, google books]. Said to have been the 12th. PhD in anthropology in the US (1st. in linguistic anthropology), 1st. Native American PhD in anthropology.
  20. Otto Klineberg, PhD, Columbia, 1927.
  21. Alfred Louis Kroeber, Columbia PhD 1901.
  22. Berthold Laufer, a friend of Boas'. Boas thought it was a good idea for Laufer to come to the USA. He took part in the Jesup Expedition, and then the Schiff Expedition (to China). Laufer was later curator at the Field Museum, Chicago. [Source: a Fieldiana volume on the history of the Field Museum, Curators, Collections, and Contexts]. (see de and en WP).
  23. Alexander Lesser, PhD 1929 [1 source: Anthrop. Notes], married for a time to Gene Weltfish.
  24. Albert Buell Lewis, PhD 1907 [Source: Field Museum site].
  25. Robert H. Lowie, took a further PhD with Boas, 1908 [Source: mnsu.edu].
  26. en:Truman Michelson, 1904 PhD bei Boas [Source: Julie T. Andresen, Linguistics in America].
  27. Ashley Montagu, further PhD, 1936, studied with Benedict and Boas [Different dates for his Columbia PhD given online, My source is the: A. Montagu Institute site].
  28. Bruno Oetteking, Jesup Expedition
  29. Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958), came as a post-doc to Columbia for a year (1925), heard Boas and Herskovits, also studied with Pliny Goddard from the American Museum of Natural History. He returned married in 1926 for linguistic field-work for the BAE, combined with philological studies: he edited and tried to reconstruct James Mooney's Swimmer manuscript on Cherokee medical ritual. Until 1933 further fieldwork in Northamerica (and some articles in Native American anthropology). He later kept contact with Melville J. Herskovits and Gladys Reichard. Back in Belgium he first took up a position at the ethnographic section of ther Royal museum of art and history in Brussels. He later held various important museum posts and taught ethnology at universities as a leading authority on African art. Olbrechts established modern anthropology in Belgium [Source: Mireille Holsbeke: „In the Great Smokey Mountains with an Indian Tribe“: The Young Olbrechts in America, Frans M. Olbrechts, 1899-1958, In Search of Art in Africa, Constatine Petridis (editor), Antwerp Ethnographic Museum, Antwerp, 2001, pp. 60-82.].
  30. en:Archie Phinney PhD with a study of Nez Perce Folktales? Was a Plateau Indian himself. Studied in Leningrad, went home just before the Great Terror started.
  31. Paul Radin, PhD 1911.
  32. Edward Sapir PhD 1909 [Source: Columbia.edu].
  33. Erich P. Schmidt, PhD 1929, Columbia U.. [A book on his expedition to Persia has been recently been published, Exploring Iran, 1930-1940 (google books)].
  34. Ingersoll Harlan Smith, Jesup Expedition
  35. en:Frank G. Speck, at Columbia until 1907, MA. in linguistic anthropology. PhD 1908 from the University of Pennsylvania [Source: Speck Papers].
  36. Leslie Spier. Went to Columbia in 1916, PhD 1920. Married in the 1920s to Erna Gunther. At the U. of Washington, Seattle.
  37. Lev Sternberg. Jesup Expedition. [For his contacts with Boas: Sergei Kan, new book on L. S.].
  38. en:John R. Swanton, John Reed Swanton, Harvard PhD, 1900 [Source: Julian H. Steward obituary]. Harvard: Putnam, Swanton took linguistic courses with Boas at Columbia in 1898 and 1899 [Source: William C. Sturtevant's essay in the 2005 book Native Languages of the Southeastern United States]: Boas and Farrand [2nd source: Lowie; Boas was invited to his PhD examination].
  39. en:James Teit. Worked with Boas and Sapir.
  40. Felix von Luschan
  41. Charles Wagley, PhD 1941. First Franz Boas professor at Columbia. Spezialist für Brazilien, married to Cecilia Roxo Wagley.
  42. Günter Wagner, began and finished his studies in Germany, but heard Boas at Columbia U., fieldwork in the USA, wrote his "PhD" on the Peyote cult: his 1932 Dissertation in Hamburg [Source given at de WP].
  43. Thomas Talbot Waterman (1885-1936), 1910 PhD from Columbia. Had begun his studies at Berkeley and taught there from 1911 to 1921. Later at the University of Hawai'i [Source: Foundations of Anthropology at the University of California site, [2].
  44. en:Vernon J. williams. (???)
  45. en:Clark Wissler, Columbia PhD (in psychology), 1901.
  1. Julia Pawlowna Awerkijewa, or Pavlovna-Averkieva. Russian anthropologist, pupil of Bogoras, Jochelson and Sternberg. She spent 2 years in the USA at Columbia U. and then with Boas on his very last expedition, in 1930. [1 source: Her only recently published fieldwork (U of Wash Press, in English), she is mentioned in Jay Ruby's essay on Boas and film].
  2. en:Martha Warren Beckwith (19. January 1871 - 28 January 1959). Folklorist (earlier trained as an English Teacher). M.A. Columbia, 1906 after studying anthropology with Franz Boas. Ph.D. in 1918.
  3. Jean Belo. Studied with Benedict, Boas in the 1920s. In the 1930s on Bali with her second husband at the same time as Mead and Batteson. Anthropological film.
  4. Ruth Fulton Benedict, PhD 1923, had worked with Boas from 1921.
  5. Ruth Bunzel, PhD 1929
  6. Helen F. Codere, PhD from Columbia, but only in 1950.
  7. en:Ella Cara Deloria, 30. Jan. 1888-12. Feb. 1971. Important and longtime advisor and author (met Boas when at Columbia U. Teacher's College (graduated 1915): Dakota Textes (1931), Dakota Grammar (with Boas, 1942).
  8. Emilie Demant, artist, married to Gudmund Hutt.
  9. en:Cora Alice DuBois, heard Benedict and Boas at her last year at Barnard, BA and MA in history. Then anthropology in Berkeley with Krober and Lowie. Berkeley PhD, 1932.
  10. May Mandelbaum Edel. Columbia PhD. 1939 [Source: M Edel Papers]. Wrote Anthropology and Ethics, 1959, with en:Abraham Edel.
  11. en:Viola Garfield, student of Erna Gunther in Seattle, at the U. of Washington , graduate work with Benedict und Boas. Defended her diss. in 1935, published and received the PhD in 1939 [V. E. Garfield Papers].
  12. Esther Schiff Goldfrank, Barnard, 1918. Married, took up anthropology again, after her husband had died. 2nd marriage to fierce anti-communist Karl-August Wittfogel (Wittfogel started to work on Mesoamerica, they influenced Julian H. Steward for a time. Steward was critical of KAW's ideas later, but did not denounce him for his anti-stalinist views, as far as I know).
  13. en:Erna Gunther, in the 1920s married to Leslie Spier, both then at the U. of Washington. Columbia MA, 1920.
  14. Frances S. Herskovits, born Frances Shapiro.
  15. Zora Neale Hurston, BA 1928 from Barnard.
  16. en:Frederica de Laguna, PhD 1933 (Columbia), studied with Boas, Benedict, Reichard. Then in England at the LSE with Malinowski and Seligman.
  17. Margaret Mead, PhD 1929
  18. en:Rhoda Metraux, born Rhoda Bubendey. Married Alfred Métraux. Vassar 1934, Columbia PhD only in 1951. Worked very close with Mead.
  19. Zelia Nuttall, seems to have been close to Boas. Letters
  20. Elsie Clews Parsons, early, 1899 PhD in sociology from Columbia.
  21. Gladys Reichard, PhD 1925, had worked with Boas since 1919 [all for G. R.: Julia S. Falk, Women, Language, and Linguistics].
  22. Marian Wesley Smith. PhH 1938. Taught at Columbia [F. de Laguna obituary in American Antiquity, Virginia Kerns book on James H. Steward].
  23. Ruth Underhill, Vassar 1905. Columbia PhD 1934 [R Underhill Papers].
  24. Cecilia Roxo Wagley, wife of Charles Wagley.
  25. Ruth Sawtell Wallis, born Ruth Sawtell, married to Wilson D. Wallis. Worked for Boas at Columbia U..
  26. Gene Weltfish, married to Alexander Lesser for 15 years. Defended her thesis in 1929, but received her degree (PhD 1950) only much later. Taught at Columbia. She was fired because of her outspoken communist views.
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